Complementation occurs when two defective alleles in two different genes are found within the same organism and produce a normal phenotype. What other examples of complementation have we encountered in previous chapters of this textbook?

Rajiv Puri invested part of his $\$ 20,000$ inheritance in a mutual fund account that pays $7 \%$ simple interest yearly and the rest in a certificate of deposit that pays $9 \%$ simple interest yearly. At the end of one year, Rajiv's investments earned $\$ 1550$. Find the amount he invested at each rate.

To find genes that are turned on or off in response to changes in osmolarity (the total concentration of solutes in solution), you grow a culture of E. coli in a medium with high osmolarity and another culture in a medium with low osmolarity. You now perform RNA-Seq analysis on each culture. It is possible that osmotic changes may induce a general stress response that may be seen with other stresses as well (for example, heat shock). How could you distinguish the genes that might be involved in a general stress response from those that are specific for the osmolarity change?

Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about Mendel's explanation of the results from his $F_1$ cross. a. Mendel assumed that a dominant allele had masked the corresponding recessive allele in the $F_1$ generation.
b. The trait controlled by the recessive allele never showed up in any $F_2$ plants.
c. The allele for shortness was always inherited with the allele for tallness.
d. At some point, the allele for shortness was segregated, or separated, from the allele for tallness.

Which of the following was probably the least important factor in bringing about the Cambrian explosion?

a. the emergence of predator-prey relationships

b. an increase in the concentration of atmospheric oxygen

c. the movement of animals onto land

d. the origin of Hox genes

Write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left. _ Small changes in genes A. disappear quickly. B. gradually accumulate over time. C. prevent the next generation from developing. D. do not affect future generations.

Poky is a slow-growing mutant strain of the pink bread mold (Neurospora crassa). If poky is crossed to the normal wild-type mold, all the offspring are poky. But if the reciprocal cross is done, all the offspring are wild type. Why does poky display this type of inheritance, and why is it slow growing?

A series of mating's shows that the recombination frequency between the black-body gene and the gene for dumpy (shortened) wings is $36$%. The recombination frequency between purple eyes and dumpy wings is $41$%. What is the sequence of these three genes on the chromosome?

You have sequenced the genome of the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium, and you are using BLAST analysis to identify similarities within the S. typhimurium genome to known proteins. You find a protein that is 100 percent identical in the bacterium Escherichia coli. When you compare nucleotide sequences of the S. typhimurium and E. coli genes, you find that their nucleotide sequences are only 87 percent identical. a. Explain this observation. b. What do these observations tell you about the merits of nucleotide- versus protein-similarity searches in identifying related genes?

An inheritance of $25,000 is divided among three investments yielding a total of$1275 in interest per year. The interest rates for the three investments are 4.5%, 5%, and 8%. The amounts invested at 5% and 8% are $4000 and$10,000 less than the amount invested at 4.5%, respectively. Find the amount invested at each rate.

In eukaryotes, the primary rRNA transcript is a $45$S rRNA that includes the sequences of the $18$S, $5.8$S, and $28$S rRNAs separated by short spacers. What is the advantage of this operon-like arrangement of rRNA genes?

Match the terms with the definitions. Some terms may not be used.

a. codicil

b. estate

c. estate tax

d. gift tax

e. heir

f. inheritance tax

g. power of attorney

h. reverse mortgage

i. trust

j. will

__ A loan against the equity in the borrower's home in which the borrower receives monthly payments

Three pairs of genes with two alleles each (A$_{1}$ and A$_{2}$, B$_{1}$ and B$_{2}$, and C$_{1}$ and C$_{2}$) control the height of a plant. The alleles of these genes have an additive relationship: each copy of alleles A$_{1}$, B$_{1}$, and C$_{1}$ contributes $6$ cm to plant height, and each copy of alleles A$_{2}$, B$_{2}$, and C$_{2}$ contributes $3$ cm.

a. What are the expected heights of plants with each of the homozygous genotypes A$_{1}$A$_{1}$B$_{1}$B$_{1}$C$_{1}$C$_{1}$ and A$_{2}$A$_{2}$B$_{2}$B$_{2}$C$_{2}$C$_{2}$?

b. What height is expected in the F1 progeny of a cross between A$_{1}$A$_{1}$B$_{1}$B$_{1}$C$_{1}$C$_{1}$ and A$_{2}$A$_{2}$B$_{2}$B$_{2}$C$_{2}$ C$_{2}$?

c. What is the expected height of a plant with the genotype A$_{1}$A$_{2}$B$_{2}$B$_{2}$C$_{1}$C$_{2}$?

d. Identify all possible genotypes for plants with an expected height of $33$ cm.

e. Identify the number of different genotypes that are possible with these three genes.

f. Identify the number of different phenotypes (expected plant heights) that are possible with these three genes.

The genotype of F1 individuals in a tetrahybrid cross is AaBbCcDd. Assuming independent assortment of these four genes, what are the probabilities that F2 offspring will have the following genotypes?

(a) aabbccdd

(b) AaBbCcDd

(c) AABBCCDD

(d) AaBBccDd

(e) AaBBCCdd