Consider the beta decay ${ }^{10} \mathrm{Be} \rightarrow{ }^{10} \mathrm{~B}+\beta^{-}$, with the beryllium nucleus initially at rest. (c) What are the possible energies of that other particle?

Describe how eukaryotic cells are able to keep such large amounts of DNA in the small volume of the cell nucleus. (Hint Review the structure of a chromosome in Chapter 10.)

In a helium atom, which contains two electrons, do you think that on average the electrons are closer to the nucleus or farther away than in a hydrogen atom? Why?

Near the surface of the nucleus of a lead atom, the electric field has a strength of $3.4 \times 10^{21} \mathrm{~V} / \mathrm{m}$. What is the energy density in this field?

Give the number of protons and number of neutrons in the nucleus of each of the following: (16.1) a. boron-10 b. zinc-72 c. iron- 59 d. gold-198

For each of the following, indicate if the structure is found only in eukaryotes, or if it is found in eukaryotes and prokaryotes: cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosome, Golgi apparatus, nucleus, cytoplasm, and DNA.

Show that the magnetic dipole moment M of an electron orbiting the proton nucleus of a hydrogen atom is related to the orbital momentum $L$ of the electron by

$$M=\frac{e}{2 m} L.$$

Calculate the mass defect for the neon-20 nucleus. The mass of neon-20 is $19.992440 ~u$. (Hint: How many protons and neutrons does neon-20 have?)

The two ions $K^+}and $Ca^{2+}$ each have 18 electrons surrounding the nucleus. Which would you expect to have the smaller radius? Why?

The element oxygen has three naturally occurring isotopes, with 8, 9, and 10 neutrons in the nucleus, respectively. Write the full chemical symbols for these three isotopes.

In a helium atom, which contains two electrons, do you think that on average the electrons are closer to the nucleus or farther away than in a hydrogen atom? Why?

A nucleus with mass number $A=182$ and atomic number $Z=74$ loses two neutrons. What are the resulting (a) mass number, (b) atomic number, and ( c) neutron number?

Is the mass of an atomic nucleus greater or less than the sum of the masses of the nucleons composing it? Why don't the nucleon masses add up to the total nuclear mass?

Match each term on the left with its meaning on the right.

$$\begin{aligned} \text{plantar}\qquad \qquad \qquad\quad & \text{a. pertaining to the sole of the foot}\\ &\text{b. tail bone}\\ &\text{c. ventral cavity that contains heart, lungs, and associated structures}\\ &\text{d. toward the surface of the body (external)}\\ &\text{e. lying horizontal with face downward}\\ &\text{f. turning outward}\\ &\text{g. nearer to the center (trunk of the body)}\\ &\text{h. ventral cavity that contains digestive, reproductive, and excretory structures}\\ &\text{i. turning inward or inside out}\\ &\text{j. part of the spine known as the neck}\\ &\text{k. movement toward the median plane}\\ &\text{l. away from the head; toward the tail or lower part of a structure}\\ &\text{m. away from the surface of the body (internal)}\\ &\text{n. part of the spine known as the loin}\\ &\text{o. near the back of the body}\\ \end{aligned}$$