Consists of land, forests, pastures, mineral deposits, and animal life.
a. Economic system
b. Natural capital
c. Human capital
d. Manufactured capital
e. Market equilibrium

Intertidal communities are frequently disturbed by storms that generate large waves. Following a period of intermediate wave disturbance, a group of researchers examined the species richness of north and south Pacific intertidal communities. Four days after the disturbance, they found that northern communities had returned to their original state whereas southern communities were still recovering. This result suggests that northern intertidal communities (a) have greater resilience. (b) have greater resistance. (c) follow predictions of the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. (d) have greater species richness. (e) experiece more frequent disturbance.

Which of the following is a method of solving environmental disputes that allows for a larger number of citizens, all of whom claim to have experienced similar damages from a product or an action, but who need not be listed and represented individually?
a. Civil suit
b. Arbitration
c. Nuisance suit
d. Class action suit
e. Injunction

Which statement about ecological succession is correct? (a) Secondary succession begins in a community lacking soil. (b) Primary succession occurs over a shorter time span than secondary succession. (c) Succession is influenced by competition for limiting resources such as available soil, moisture, and nutrients. (d) In forest succession, less shade-tolerant trees replace more shade-tolerant trees. (e) Forest fires and hurricanes lead to primary succession because a soil base still exists.

Write your answer to each part clearly. Support your answers with relevant information and examples. Where calculations are required, show your work. In 1997, the ecological economist Robert Costanza and his associates published a report titled The value of the World's Ecosystem Services and Natural Capital. They estimated that if all the ecosystem services provided worldwide had to be paid for, the cost would average $33 trillion per year with a range from$16 trillion to $54 trillion. In that same year the global gross national product (GNP) was$18 trillion. (a) What is meant by ecosystem or ecological services? Give three specific examples and identify which United Nations organization might oversee these services. (b) Define the term valuation. What would the worldwide consequences be if the world actually had to pay for ecosystem services and natural capital? (c) Explain how this report could be used to develop a sustainable economic system. (d) Which environmental worldview is most consistent with the concerns of environmental economics? Explain.

The process through which laws and regulations are developed and then evaluated.
a. Policy life
b. Recognition
c. Formulation
d. Implementation
e. Control

Species with a type III survivorship curve are likely to exhibit I. fast population growth rate. II. large amounts of parental care. III. density-independent population regulation. (a) I only, (b) II only, (c) III only, (d) I and II, (e) I and III.

We will probably not run out of resources, but they should not be wasted best fits in which environmental worldview?
a. Environmental wisdom
b. Planetary management
c. Stewardship
d. Free market
c. Spaceship Earth

Ecological succession (a) begins with primary succession, followed by secondary succession, and ends with a climax stage. (b) begins with either primary or secondary succession and ends with a climax stage. (c) cannot occur if there are no species initially present at a site. (d) starts with bare soil and ends with a climax forest. (e) does not end with a climax stage.

Environmental policy is best defined as
a. the study of the connections between human systems and natural systems.
b. what humans consider right or wrong regarding how they treat the environment.
c. laws, rules, and regulations that pertain to environmental problems.
d. the study of costs and benefits of environmental policies and regulations.
e. a social movement to protect the environment.

Which of the following is NOT true regarding limiting resources? (a) A limiting resource is an important density-independent factor. (b) A limiting resource is common to all members of a population. (c) Foraging territory is an example of a limiting resource. (d) The number of reproducing individuals in a population is not a limiting resource. (e) A population at carrying capacity has consumed all limiting resources.

Monitoring progress and making adaptations.
a. Policy life
b. Recognition
c. Formulation
d. Implementation
e. Control

Write your answer to each part clearly. Support your answers with relevant information and examples. Where calculations are required, show your work. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has developed guide lines for the consumption of canned tuna fish. These guidelines were developed particularly for children, pregnant women, or women who were planning to become pregnant, because mercury poses the most serious threat to these segments of society. However, the guidelines can be useful for everyone. (a) Identify two major sources of mercury pollution and one means of controlling mercury pollution. (b) Explain how mercury is altered and how it finds its way into albacore tuna fish. (c) Identify two health effects of methylmercury on humans.

Most states fail due to growing scarcities of resources occur in
I. Europe.
II. Africa.
III. Asia.
a. I only
b. II only
c. III only
d. I and II
e. II and III