Question
Construct the general solution of x'=Ax involving complex eigenfunctions and then obtain the general real solution. Describe the shapes of typical trajectories.
Solution
VerifiedAnswered 9 months ago
Answered 9 months ago
Step 1
1 of 4Let
Then
Let characteristic polynomial of be . Then
Thus the characteristic polynomial is .
Now . This implies that the roots of are . Hence the eigenvalues of are .
Now let
be an eigenvector corresponding to the eigenvalue . Therefore which means . From this equation we get that
By Gaussian Elimination, we have and . Therefore
is an eigenvector corresponding to the eigenvalue for any non-zero real number . By putting , we get that
is an eigenvector corresponding to the eigenvalue .
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