Correct each of the following misstatements from Dalton’s atomic theory.

a. Elements are made of tiny particles called molecules.

Experiments are conducted with hybrids of two types of peas. If the offspring follow Mendel's theory of inheritance, the seeds that are produced are yellow smooth, green smooth, yellow wrinkled, and green w1inkled, and they should occur in the ratio of 9:3:3: 1, respectively. An experiment is designed to test Mendel's theory, with the result that the offspring seeds consist of 307 that are yellow smooth, 77 that are green smooth, 98 that are yellow wrinkled, and 18 that are green wrinkled. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the results contradict Mendel 's theory.

Calculate the kilocalories for given of the following:
a. one cup of popcorn that produces 131 kJ when burned in a calorimeter
b. a sample of butter that produces 23.4 kJ when burned in a calorimeter

Using the energy values for foods, determine each of the following (round off the answers in kilocalories or kilojoules to the tens place): the total kilocalories for a diet that consists of 68 g of carbohydrate, 9 g of fat, and 150 g of protein

Using the energy values for foods, determine each of the following (round off the answers in kilocalories or kilojoules to the tens place): the kilocalories in one can of cola if it has 40. g of carbohydrate and no fat or protein

Using the energy values for foods, determine each of the following (round off the answers in kilocalories or kilojoules to the tens place): the grams of protein in one cup of soup that has 110 kcal with 9 g of carbohydrate and 6 g of fat

Using the energy values for foods, determine each of the following (round off the answers in kilocalories or kilojoules to the tens place): the total kilojoules in two tablespoons of crunchy peanut butter that contains 6 g of carbohydrate, 16 g of fat, and 7 g of protein

The specific heat capacity of copper metal is 0.385 J/g·°C. How much energy is required to heat 205 g of copper from –10.6°C to 16.4°C?

Water (2750 g ) is heated until it just begins to boil. If the water absorbs 5.29×105 J of heat in the process, what was the initial temperature of the water?

A $125$-g piece of metal is heated to $288 \degree {c}$ and dropped into $85.0$ g of water at $12.0 \degree{c}$. The metal and water come to the same temperature of $24.0\degree {c}$. What is the specific heat, in $J/g \degree {c}$ of the metal?

Calculate the change in temperature $(\Delta T)$ for each of the following using Table 3.8: a. $115 \mathrm{~g}$ of copper $(\mathrm{Cu})$ that loses $2.45 \mathrm{~kJ}$ b. $22.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\operatorname{silver}(\mathrm{Ag})$ that loses $625 \mathrm{~J}$

Science often develops by using known theories and expanding, refining, and perhaps changing these theories. As discussed earlier, Rutherford used Thompson's ideas when thinking about his model of the atom. What if Rutherford had not known about Thompson's work? How might Rutherford's model of the atom have been different?

Models are always simplifications. List at least two observations that Dalton’s model does not explain.

Differentiate between an atomic element and a molecular element. Provide an example and a microscopic drawing of each.