Define the term ‘cradle-to-cradle manufacturing’.

Define the term ‘operations management’.

Define the term ‘flow production’.

Toyota is one of the best examples of a multi-site business with $52$ manufacturing facilities in $26$ different countries. In a typical recent $12$-month period, it opened its first factory in Mexico and opened its 13th manufacturing facility in the USA $-$ in Mississippi. Recently concern has been expressed by the company that its production capacity in the USA was starting to outstrip demand for vehicles, so this could be the last new factory the company builds there for some time.

Evaluate Toyota's decision to locate operating factories in so many different countries.

Explain the following terms:

a. buffer stock level

b. stock re-order size

c. lead time.

Define the term ‘supply chain’.

Define the term ‘crisis management’.

What would be meant by the term ‘optimal location’ for a new Walmart supermarket?

Choosing the lowest-cost location for the Rolls-Royce factory was not a priority. When BMW moved production from the industrial northern town of Crewe, it chose one of the most crowded and expensive parts of the country - the south-east of England. The Goodwood factory has many advantages but low cost is not one of them. One of its main benefits is its proximity to a small airport where the helicopters and executive jets of intending purchasers of Rolls-Royce cars can arrive in style. Potential buyers are identified by the company and invited to visit the factory and attend events held at the nearby exclusive marina and horse-race and motor-race courses. The area has been termed a 'playground for the wealthy' and future customers often spend a day or two at the races or a morning at the marina before browsing the cars - and more often than not, signing an order form.

Analyse the importance of one qualitative factor affecting Rolls-Royce’s decision to locate in Goodwood.

Senior management at Nissan were initially reluctant to build the new Qashqai at their Sunderland factory. However, a UK government grant of $\pounds3.26$ million helped to clinch the decision to invest a total of $\pounds95$ million into the new production facilities at this factory in the north of England. It secured $250$ jobs in this area of high unemployment.

Outline two benefits the regional economy would gain from Nissan's location in Sunderland.

Using a case example of a business you have studied, examine the extent to which a business’s stakeholders benefit from its increased use of offshoring and outsourcing.

With reference to one organisation that you have studied, evaluate how business strategy affects research and development.

Why does ‘cutting waste’ help increase business efficiency?

Define what is meant by the term ‘quality assurance’.