Define Type I and Type II error for each scenario, and identify the cost(s) of each type of error.

Approaching O'Hare for landing, a British Air flight from London has been in a holding pattern for $45$ minutes due to bad weather. Landing is expected within $15$ minutes. The flight crew could declare an emergency and land immediately, but an FAA investigation would be launched and other flights might be endangered. The null hypothesis is that there is enough fuel to stay aloft for $15$ more minutes.

(a) Recall Which amendment guaranteed African Americans the right to vote: the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, or Fifteenth?

(b) Apply Information How did each of these three amendments help to expand democracy?

Three-year-old C.E. is admitted to the Emergency Department (ED) fast track clinic. Her mother tells the nurse that C.E. has had a low-grade fever for $2$ days and is complaining of ear pain and a sore throat. Mrs. E. states that C.E.'s appetite has been “off,” but she has been drinking and using the bathroom as usual.

Mrs. E. is given a new prescription for azithromycin (Zithromax) PO $160$ mg qd $\times$ $5$ days.

5. Azithromycin is dispensed $200$ mg/$5$ mL. Calculate the dosage for Mrs. E. to administer to C.E

A plane traveling horizontally at 80 m/s} over flat ground at an elevation of 3000 m releases an emergency packet. The trajectory of the packet is given by

$$x=80 t, \quad y=-4.9 t^2+3000, \quad \text { for } t \geq 0,$$

where the origin is the point on the ground directly beneath the plane at the moment of the release. Graph the trajectory of the packet and find the coordinates of the point where the packet lands.

You have an emergency, and you ask your employer for a loan. She gives you $\$ 100$. You sign a form indicating that you received the loan and will start repaying it next month. However, you quit the job the following week. Your former manager calls and asks whether you are going to pay back the loan. You indicate that since you are a minor, the contract is voidable, meaning that you do not have to abide by it. Is it a good idea to avoid the contract?

A traffic engineer determines that the number of cars passing through a certain intersection each week can be modeled by $C(x)=0.02x^3+0.4x^2+0.2x+35$, where x Is the number of weeks since the survey began. A new road has just opened that affects the traffic at that intersection. Let $N(x)=C(x)+200$.
Emergency roadwork temporarily closes off most of the traffic to this intersection. Write a function R(x) that could model the effect on C(x) Explain how the graph of C(x) might be transformed into R{x).

A driver makes an emergency stop and inadvertently locks up the brakes of the car, which skids to a stop on dry concrete. Consider the effect of heavy rain on this scenario. Using the values in Table 1, determine how much farther the car would skid (expressed as a percentage of the dry-weather skid) if the concrete were wet instead. What does this question imply about driving safely?

Table 1 Coeffi cients of Kinetic Friction for Rubber on Concrete

Potassium superoxide, $KO_2$, is employed in a self-contained breathing apparatus used by emergency personnel as a source of oxygen. The reaction is\

$4KO_2(s) + 2H_2O(l) \longrightarrow 4KOH(s) + 3O_2(g)$\

Say a self-contained breathing apparatus is charged with 750 g $KO_2$ and then is used to produce 195 g of oxygen. Was all of the $KO_2$ consumed in this reaction? If the $KO_2$ wasn’t all consumed, how much is left over and what mass of additional $O_2$ could be produced?

The probability that a call to an emergency help line is answered in less than 15 seconds is 0.85. Assume that all calls are independent. (a) What is the probability that exactly 7 of 10 calls are answered within 15 seconds? (b) What is the probability that at least 16 of 20 calls are answered in less than 15 seconds? (c) For 50 calls, what is the mean number of calls that are answered in less than 15 seconds? (d) Repeat parts (a)–(c) using the normal approximation.

Study of why EMS workers leave the job. A study of fulltime emergency medical service (EMS) workers published in the Journal of Allied Health (Fall 2011) found that only about 3% leave their job in order to retire. (See Exercise $3.45$, p. 158.) Assume that the true proportion of all fulltime EMS workers who leave their job in order to retire is $p=.03$. In a random sample of 1,000 full-time EMS workers, let $\hat{p}$ represent the proportion who leave their job in order to retire. Compute $P(\hat{p}>.025)$. Interpret this result.

While playing on her swing set, 10-year-old Rebecca falls and breaks her right leg. At the emergency room, the doctor tells her parents that the proximal end of the tibia where the epiphysis meets the diaphysis is fractured. The fracture is properly set and eventually heals. During a routine physical when she is 18, Rebecca learns that her right leg is 2.54 cm (1 in.) shorter than her left. What might account for this difference?

T.W. is a 22-year-old man who fell SO feet from a chairlift while skiing and landed on hard-packed snow. He is now at the emergency department (ED) with a suspected TS-T6 fracture with paraplegia.
Insert Foley catheter
ECG monitoring
Immobilize the cervical spine
Oxygen at 4 L per nasal cannula
Initiate two large bore IVs
Neurologic assessment every hour
Apply warming blankets as needed
Describe a plan for implementing these physician's orders

The following exercises describe apportionment problems for situations besides the House of Representatives. Do the following: a. Find the apportionment by Hamilton's method. b. Find the apportionment by Jefferson's method. c. Find the apportionment by Webster's method. d. Find the apportionment by the Hill-Huntington method. e. Compare the results of the various methods. A city plans to purchase 16 new emergency vehicles. They are to be apportioned among 485 members of the police department, 213 members of the fire department, and 306 members of the paramedic squad.

A patient is evaluated in the emergency department after causing an automobile accident while being under the influence of alcohol. While assessing the patient, which statement would be the most therapeutic?

1. “Why did you drive after you had been drinking?”
2. “We have multiple patients to see tonight as a result of this accident.”
3. “Tell me what happened before, during, and after the automobile accident tonight.”
4. “It will be okay. No one was seriously hurt in the accident.”