Describe how the diffusion of ions across a cell membrane differs from the diffusion of nonpolar molecules across the cell membrane.

Describe what is meant by each of the following terms: cell volume, cell surface area, ratio of surface area to volume.

Cancer cells have defects in DNA damage repair, chromatin modifications, cell-cycle regulation, and programmed cell death.

Determine the standard cell potential and the cell potential under the stated conditions for the electrochemical reactions described here. State whether each is spontaneous or nonspontaneous under each set of conditions at $298.15 \mathrm{~K}$. (a) $\mathrm{Hg}(l)+\mathrm{S}^{2-}(a q, 0.10 M)+2 \mathrm{Ag}^{+}(a q, 0.25 M) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{Ag}(s)+\mathrm{HgS}(s)$ (b) The cell made from an anode half-cell consisting of an aluminum electrode in $0.015 \mathrm{M}$ aluminum nitrate solution and a cathode half-cell consisting of a nickel electrode in $0.25 \mathrm{M}$ nickel(II) nitrate solution. (c) The cell made of a half-cell in which $1.0 \mathrm{M}$ aqueous bromide is oxidized to $0.11 \mathrm{M}$ bromine ion and a half-cell in which aluminum ion at $0.023 \mathrm{M}$ is reduced to aluminum metal.

Chromosome number is reduced during meiosis because the process consists of:

A) Two cell divisions without any chromosome replication.

B) A single cell division without any chromosome replication.

C) Two cell divisions in which half of the chromosomes are destroyed.

D) Two cell divisions and only a single round of chromosome replication.

Which statements are true? Explain why or why not. In normal adult tissues, cell death usually balances cell division.

In a multicellular organism, what makes cells different-for example, what makes a muscle cell different from a brain cell? ________________________

How might increased synthesis of aspartate and glutamate affect energy production in a cell? How would the cell respond to such an effect?

All cells are surrounded by a membrane; some cells are surrounded by a wall. What are the differences between cell membranes and cell walls?

how is glucose transported across the cell membrane

A voltaic cell is constructed that uses the following half-cell reactions: $\mathrm { Cu } ^ { + } ( a q ) + \mathrm { e } ^ { - } \longrightarrow \mathrm { Cu } ( s )$ $\mathrm { I } _ { 2 } ( s ) + 2 \mathrm { e } ^ { - } \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm { I } ^ { - } ( a q )$ The cell is operated at 298 K with $[ Cu^+] = 0.25 M$ and $[I^-] = 0.035 M.$ Which electrode is the anode of the cell?

How many ways can a sample of five cell phones be selected from a shipment of twenty-four cell phones?

The term "selectively permeable" is used in reference to the (1) nucleus (2) cell wall (3) cytoplasm (4) cell membrane

Why do $\mathrm{NO}_3^{-}$ions migrate into the anode half-cell as the voltaic cell shown in Figure $20.5$ operates?