Describe how the path of a ray is deviated as it passes (at an angle) from one medium into a second medium in which the speed of light is lower. Contrast this with the case when the speed of light in the second medium is higher.

An observer $O$ stands in front of a plane mirror. Which of the numbered locations 1 through 5 best represents the location of the image of the source $S$ seen by the observer? Justify your choice by appealing to the anoropriate law (s) of optics.

Human body temperature is about 310 K $\left(3.10 \times 10^{2} \mathrm{K},\right.$ or $98.6^{\circ} \mathrm{F} ).$ At what wavelength do humans radiate the most energy? What kind of radiation do we emit?

What is the difference between light that is polarized and light that is not?

Describe how light passing through two narrow/slits can produce an interference pattern.

Why are the Doppler effect and diffraction not as commonly experienced with light as they are with sound?

If the separation, $a$, between the slits in a double slit interference experiment is reduced, then, for a fixed value of screen distance, $S$, and wavelength of light, $\lambda$, how will the separation, $\Delta x$, between adjacent bright areas in the interference pattern change?

if an object is 10cm from a converging lense of 5cm focal length, how far from the lens will the image be formed

The cover of a book appears blue when illuminated with white light. What color will it appear in blue light? Red light? Explain.

An interference pattern is formed by sending red light through a pair of narrow slits. If blue light is then used, the spacing of the bright areas (where constructive interference takes place) won't be the same. How will it be different? Why?

Which type of lens could you use to start a fire by focusing the sun's image? Describe how you would position the lens.

The law of reflection establishes a definite relationship between the angle of incidence of a light ray striking the boundary between two transparent media and its angle of reflection. Describe this relationship.

A transformer has 1,000 turns of wire in the primary coil and 50 turns in the secondary coil. If the input voltage is 2400 V, what is the output voltage?

A ray of light incident upon a mirror makes an angle of $36^{\circ}$ with the mirror. What is the angle between the incident ray and the reflected ray?