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Question

Describe why lithium and other Group 1 elements usually form positive ions, while fluorine and other Group 17 elements form negative ions.

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Group 1 elements forming positive ions:

Group 1 element such as lithium is highly reactive and react in all environment such as air, water and in acid. The high reactivity of lithium can be explained by its atomic structure. Lithium has a total of three electrons, two of them occupy the first energy level in the s-orbital, the remaining 11 occupies the second energy level in the s-orbital again. This single lone electron of lithium can be easily removed, making it very reactive atom. This way of removing the electron from the outer orbit forms a positive ion.


All the atoms belonging to group 1 have one valence electron hence all of them have one valence electron and they are as reactive as lithium.

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