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Question

Due to their zero ozone depletion and low global warming potential natural refrigerants are actively under consideration for commercial refrigeration applications. Investigate the viability of natural refrigerants in systems to improve human comfort and safeguard food. Consider performance benefits, safety, and cost. On the basis of your study, recommend especially promising natural refrigerants and areas of application where each is particularly well suited. Report your findings in a PowerPoint presentation

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Natural refrigerants are those that are not made by human for commercial reasons, like refrigerants R-134a, R410a, R22 and other. They exist in nature already, having zero ozone depletion potential and no harmful affection on global warming what so ever. They are solution for replacing commercial in order to reduce environmental damage to minimum.

There are few natural refrigerants that are used today, like carbon dioxide, propane, isobutane, propylene and ammonia. For special applications can be used water and air also.

Carbon dioxide have no affect at all on the ozone layer and does not contribute to climate change. The cost is very low, high thermal transfer coefficient and viscosity. There is of course a flaw in its usage, which is the critical point. It is reached at 31.2 Celsius degrees, which is normal temperature during summer months. The pressure and temperature are not related and that kind of systems will work only at transcritical mode. The installations components such as compressor and valves are very challenging to install. Higher pressure will depend smaller pipes in diameter, which is not practical.

Hydrocarbons, such as propane, isobutane and propyleneare also have no affect at all on the ozone layer and does not contribute to climate change. Unlike carbon dioxide, they are operating on standard pressure and have very good thermodynamic properties and high efficiency. Flaw of these hydrocarbons are that they are extremely flammable.

Ammonia is also flammable, but not as much as hydrocarbons. But it is very toxic and easily corrosive. So it has bad environmental impact, but no so much that it could affect on the ozone layer or global warming. The cost is very low, and it has no problem with high pressure working conditions. But the toxicity has limited its usage in operating systems.

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