Eva, a middle-aged attorney, complains of a burning pain in the “pit of her stomach,” usually beginning about 2 hours after eating and lessening after she drinks a glass of milk. When asked to indicate the site of pain, she points to her epigastric region. When her GI tract is examined by endoscopy, a gastric ulcer is visualized. What are the possible consequences if the ulcer goes untreated?

A 62-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting chest pain at rest and with exertion. He does not have a history of coronary artery disease and reports that the pain often occurs at night. He is most likely experiencing which type of angina?

The nurse is collecting data from a patient who is reporting abdominal pain. Which symptom suggests that the patient is experiencing appendicitis?

Match each of the mesenteries in the key with the appropriate description.
Key: (a) greater omentum (d) the mesentery (b) lesser omentum (e) transverse mesocolon (c) falciform ligament (f) sigmoid mesocolon
(1) connects the ileum and jejunum to the posterior abdominal wall
(2) connects anterior surface of the liver to the anterior abdominal wall
(3) connects the large intestine to the pelvic wall
(4) attaches to the greater curvature of the stomach; has the most fat
(5) runs from the stomach’s lesser curvature to the fissure of the liver
(6) a mesentery of the large intestine that is fused to the underside of the greater omentum

Identify all the mesenteries that connect to each organ listed:
sigmoid colon. For each, state whether it is a dorsal mesentery or a ventral mesentery

Identify all the mesenteries that connect to each organ listed:
stomach

Identify all the mesenteries that connect to each organ listed:
liver

Name the five processes of digestion and indicate all the locations in the gastrointestinal tract where each process occurs.

List all of the sphincters in the gastrointestinal tract and indicate the location of each.

A baby holding its breath will (a) have brain cells damaged because of low blood oxygen levels, (b) automatically start to breathe again when the carbon dioxide levels in the blood reach a high enough value, (c) suffer heart damage because of increased pressure in the carotid sinus and aortic arch areas, (d) be called a "blue baby."

For each organ in the left-hand column, select the type of epithelium that lines its lumen from the list in the right-hand column.
Organ Epithelium types
(1) oral cavity$\hspace{1cm}$ (a) simple squamous
(2) oropharynx$\hspace{1cm}$ (b) simple cuboidal
(3) esophagus$\hspace{1cm}$(c) simple columnar
(4) stomach$\hspace{1cm}$ (d) stratified squamous
(5) small intestine $\hspace{1cm}$(e) stratified cuboidal
(6) colon

Duncan, an inquisitive 8-year-old, saw his grandfather’s dentures soaking overnight in a glass of water. He asked his grandfather how his real teeth had fallen out. Assuming the grandfather remembered the events correctly but was not a medical expert and used layperson’s terms, reconstruct the kind of story the man is likely to have told.

What is the major way that oxygen is transported in the blood?

Where in the alimentary canal does chemical digestion begin for each of the three types of food: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats?