Experiments were performed in an anatomy and physiology laboratory. First, the rate and depth of respiration for a resting student were determined. In experiment A, students ran in place for 30 seconds, immediately sat down and relaxed, and then had their respiration rate and depth measured. Experiment B was conducted in the same manner as experiment A, except that the students held their breath while running in place. What differences in respiration would you expect for the two experiments? Explain the basis for your predictions.

After learning that sweat evaporation results in loss of calories, an anatomy and physiology student enters a sauna to try to lose weight. He reasons that a liter (about a quart) of water weighs 1000 grams, which is equivalent to 580,000 calories, or 580 kilocalories, of heat when lost as sweat. Therefore, instead of reducing his diet by 580 kilocalories per day, he believes that losing a liter of sweat every day in the sauna will cause him to lose about a pound of fat a week. Will this approach work? Explain.

Patients undergoing an upper gastrointestinal tract laboratory test are typically given an X-ray contrast agent that aids with the radiologic imaging of the anatomy. One such contrast agent is sodium iatrizoate, a nonvolatile water soluble compound. A 0.378-m solution is prepared by dissolving 38.4 g of sodium diatrizoate (NaDTZ) in $1.60 \times 10 ^ { 2 }\ \mathrm { mL }$ of water at $31.2 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C }$ (the density of water at $31.2 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C }$ is 0.995 g/mol). What is the molar mass of sodium diatrizoate? What is the vapor pressure of this solution if the vapor pressure of pure water at $31.2 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C }$ is 34.1 torr?

Bob improperly canned some homegrown vegetables. After eating the vegetables, he contracted botulism poisoning with symptoms that included difficulty swallowing and breathing. Eventually, he died of respiratory failure (his respiratory muscles relaxed and would not contract). Assuming that botulism toxin affects the neuromuscular junction, propose the ways that the toxin produces the observed symptoms.

Arrange the following steps in the locomotion of an earthworm in the correct order, beginning after the worm anchors some of its middle segments by their setae. a. The posterior segments are pulled forward. b. The anterior end moves forward as the worm elongates. c. Setae in the anterior segments grip the ground as the longitudinal muscles contract. d. The pressure of the coelomic fluid increases.

If a partic le having a 0.0170-cm radius and density of $1.95 \mathrm{g} \cdot \mathrm{cm}^{-3}$ is allowed to fall into quiescent water having a temperature of $4^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$, what will be the terminal settling velocity? Assume the density of water = $1000 \mathrm{kg} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{-3}$. Assume Stokes' law applies. Answer: $3.82 \times 10^{-1} \mathrm{m} \cdot \mathrm{s}^{-1}$

The mass percent of carbon in a typical human is 18%, and the mass percent of $^ { 14 } \mathrm { C }$ in natural carbon is $1.6 \times 10 ^ { - 10 }\%.$ Assuming a 180-lb person, how many decay events per second occur in this person due exclusively to the $\beta$-particle decay of $^ { 14 } \mathrm { C } ?\ ($ For $^ { 14 } \mathrm { C } ,\ t _ { 1 / 2 } =$ 5730 years.)

While walking home from class, 52-year-old Ike fell. He broke a bone and damaged cartilage in his knee. Assuming no special tissue grafts are made, which will probably heal faster, the bone or the cartilage? Why?

Explain why astronauts in space should exercise daily.

A patient has hyperparathyroidism because a tumor in the parathyroid gland is producing excessive amounts of PTH. How does this hormone affect bone? Would the administration of large doses of vitamin D help the situation? Explain.

Choose the proper answer from the following key to respond to the descriptions relating to spinal cord anatomy. (Some terms are used more than once.)
Key: a. sensory b. motor c. both sensory and motor d. interneurons

1. primary neuron type found in dorsal horn
2. primary neuron type found in ventral horn
3. neuron type in dorsal root ganglion
4. fiber type in ventral root
5. fiber type in dorsal root
6. fiber type in spinal nerve

The initial ultimate BOD after mixing of the Bergelmir River is 12.0 $\mathrm{mg} \cdot \mathrm{L}^{-1}.$ The DO in the Bergelmir River after the wastewater and river have mixed is at saturation. The river temperature is 10 $^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. At 10$^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$, the deoxygenation rate constant ($k_d$) is 0.30 $day ^{-1}$, and the reaeration rate constant ($k_r$) is 0.40 $day ^{-1}$. Determine the critical point ($t_c$) and the critical DO. Answer: $t_{c}$ = 2.88 days. Critical DO = 7.53 $\mathrm{mg} \cdot \mathrm{L}^{-1}$

Practice your language of pharmacology by correctly filling in the blanks of patient documentation. LO 4.11, 4.A

Exercises Mrs. Robison brought in her 8-year-old daughter to the doctor because the child had a red ring–like rash on her scalp. Dr. Palmer examined the child and diagnosed her with tinea capitis. She prescribed clotrimazole cream to be applied to the site twice daily for 6 weeks. Dr. Palmer prescribed an ____________cream to cure the patient’s tinea capitis.

How do G actin, F actin, tropomyosin, and troponin combine to form an actin myofilament? Name the ion or molecule to which each of the three subunits of troponin binds.