Feature A, formed where the Nile River encounters the Mediterranean Sea, is:

A. a landslide

B. a series of waterfalls

C. a delta

D. all of these

What physical feature is to the east and west of the Nile River? How did this feature help Egyptians?

What are some effects of building a dam?

A. a stream has more sediment below the dam and so can erode more efficiently

B. the reservoir (lake) traps sediment that over time fills up part of the reservoir

C. a dam, whether constructed by nature or by humans, represents a permanent change in base level

D. the stream erodes into the land instead of depositing sediment, where it enters the reservoir

Practice Work out the practice problems on a separate piece of paper, and write yout answers in the spaces provided. _ 1. Humans can hear sounds with frequencies up to 20 000 Hz, while dolphins can. hear sounds as high as 150 000 Hz. Write these numbers in scientific notation. “ __ ‘ _ “- ~~ a meme lg tg at lg lg gl LR EL a Ons nye fk nwt %

Which two uses consume most freshwater in the United States?

A. drinking water and showering

B. mining and raising livestock

D. mining and industrial use

E. thermoelectric power and irrigation

The lowest notch shown on this figure is 9 meters wide and 5 meters high from its base. The river has a velocity of 1 meter per second when it fills the notch. Based on the accompanying graph, what is the probability each year that the notch will be filled to the top?

A. 90 to $95 \%$

B. 60 to $80 \%$

C. 40 to $45 \%$

D. less than $40 \%$

E. none of these

Which feature on this diagram is a hanging valley?

A. 1, the circular depression at the head of the valley

B. 2, a lake in the upper valley

C. 3, a steep ridge

D. 4, a valley that is above the level of the main valley

Decide which vocabulary word or related form best expresses the meaning of the italicized word or phrase in the sentence. On the answer line, write the letter of the correct choice.

Ladislaw's decisive victory in the chess championship earned him front-page coverage in the local newspaper. _____________

a. definitive b. rational c. axiomatic d. hypothetical

Each number on this figure refers to a location with groundwater in a subsurface material that is consistent in character across the entire figure. Of these locations, which two sites are on the opposite side of a groundwater divide?

A. between 1 and 2

B. between 2 and 3

C. between 3 and 4

D. between 4 and 5

E. none of these

Which of the following is the most common cause of river and stream flooding?

A. the onset of cold weather

B. failure of levees

C. intense precipitation

D. overgrazing

E. global warming

Which of the following features can be formed by deposition along a low-gradient stream?

A. point bar

B. oxbow lake

C. cutbank

D. none of these

a. What causes the tides? b. Explain why most coastal regions have two high tides and two low tides each day. c. Compare the size of high and low tides in a spring tide and a neap tide. What causes the difference?

The size of clasts that a stream can carry is primarily controlled by:

A. the water temperature

B. the dissolved and suspended load of a stream

C. how close the stream is to the ocean

D. the velocity and turbulence of the current

E. whether it is a permanent or ephemeral stream

What does a profile of a river from its headwaters to its mouth typically show?

A. an increase in gradient downstream

B. a straight-line profile reflecting a constant decrease in gradient

C. an abrupt increase followed by a gradual decrease

D. a curved shape that flattens out downstream

E. none of these