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Related questions with answers

In the production of sheet metals or plastics, it is customary to cool the material before it leaves the production process for storage or shipment to the customer. Typically, the process is continuous, with a sheet of thickness δ\delta and width W cooled as it transits the distance L between two rollers at a velocity V. In this problem, we consider cooling of an aluminum alloy (2024-T6) by an airstream moving at a velocity uu_{\infty} in counter flow over the top surface of the sheet. A turbulence promoter is used to provide turbulent boundary layer development over the entire surface. (a) By applying conservation of energy to a differential control surface of length dx, which either moves with the sheet or is stationary and through which the sheet passes, derive a differential equation that governs the temperature distribution along the sheet. Because of the low emissivity of the aluminum, radiation effects may be neglected. Express your result in terms of the velocity, thickness, and properties of the sheet (V,δ,ρ,cp)\left(V, \delta, \rho, c_{p}\right), the local convection coefficient hxh_{x} associated with the counter flow, and the air temperature. For a known temperature of the sheet (Ti)\left(T_{i}\right) at the onset of cooling and a negligible effect of the sheet velocity on boundary ToT_{o}. (b) For δ=2mm\delta=2 \mathrm{mm}, V=0.10 m/s, L=5 m, W=1m, u=20m/s,T=20Cu_{\infty}=20 \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}, T_{\infty}=20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}, and Ti=300CT_{i}=300^{\circ} \mathrm{C}, what is the outlet temperature To?T_{o} ?

Question

Find the distance between the cities. Assume that Earth is a sphere of radius 4000 miles and the cities are on the same longitude (one city is due north of the other).

CityLatitudeSan Francisco, California 374736NSeattle, Washington 473718N\begin{matrix} \text{City} & \text{Latitude}\\ \text{San Francisco, California} & \ {37^{\circ} 47^{\prime} 36^{\prime \prime} \mathrm{N}}\\ \text{Seattle, Washington} & \ {47^{\circ} 37^{\prime} 18^{\prime \prime} \mathrm{N}}\\ \end{matrix}

Solution

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Answered 2 years ago
Answered 2 years ago
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We are given Earth's radius and two cities' coordinates:

R=4000 miC1=374736NC2=473718N\begin{aligned} R &= 4000 \text{ mi}\\ C_1 &= 37^\circ47'36''\text{N}\\ C_2 &= 47^\circ37'18''\text{N} \end{aligned}

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