Find the hydronium ion $\left[\mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{O}^{+}\right]$concentration for the substance with the given p H. Beer, 4.8

Fourteen ion-selective electrodes were used to measure $\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}$ in the same solution with the following results: $\left[\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}\right]=1.24,1.13,1.20,1.20,1.30,1.12,1.27,1.19,1.27,1.22,1.23$,$1.23,1.25,1.24$ $\mathrm{mM}$. Find the $95 \%$ confidence interval for the mean. If the actual concentration is known to be $1.19$ $\mathrm{mM}$, are the results of the ion-selective electrode within experimental error of the known value at the $95 \%$ confidence level?

Chlorophyll is similar in structure to heme in red blood cells but does not have an iron atom. What metal ion is present in chlorophyll?

What is the molar hydronium ion concentration in solutions with each of the following pH values?

a. 2.0

b. 6.0

c. 8.0

d. 10.0

Give the formula of a negative ion that would have the same number of electrons as each of the following positive ions. a. $\mathrm{K}^{+}$ b. $\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}$ c. $\mathrm{Sr}^{2+}$ d. $\mathrm{Cs}^{+}$

In which of the following diatomic molecules would the bond strength be expected to weaken as an electron is removed to form the positive charged ion?

a. $\mathrm{H}_2$

b. $\mathrm{B}_2$

c. $\mathrm{N}_2$

d. $\mathrm{OF}$

The definitions of 'positive' and 'negative' are: x is positive whenever x > 0 x is negative whenever x < 0 a. Is zero positive or negative? b. Write down the negation of the statement 'x is negative' given that x $\in$ {real numbers}.

The ground state ionization energy for the one electron ion $X ^ { m +}$ is $4.72 \times 10 ^ { 4 } \text{ kJ}/ \mathrm { mol }.$ Identify X and m.

What is the charge on the common ion that forms from the Ca atom?
a) $-1$
b) $-2$
c) 0
d) $+1$
e) $+2$

Is it true that if

$$\sum _ { n = 1 } ^ { \infty } a _ { n }$$

is a divergent series of positive numbers, then there is also a divergent series

$${\sum} _ { n = 1 } ^ { \infty } b _ { n }$$

of positive numbers with

$$b _ { n } < a _ { n }$$

for every n? Is there a “smallest” divergent series of positive numbers? Give reasons for your answers.

A quadratic form $x^{\prime} A x$ is said to be positive definite if the matrix A is positive definite. Is the quadratic form positive definite? $3 x_{1}^{2}+3 x_{2}^{2}-2 x_{1} x_{2}$.

What is the electron configuration for the ion $\mathrm{P}^{\mathrm{1}-}$? Explain how this configuration is different form the configuration for the neutral atom of phosphorus.

Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration and the $\mathrm{pH}$ of the following solutions of strong acids.

b. $3.0 \times 10^{-5}~M\mathrm{~HCl}$

Write the charge and complete ground-state electron configuration of the monatomic ion most likely to be formed by each:
(a) $\mathrm{Cl}$