Question

Find the matrix that projects every point in the plane onto the line x + 2y = 0.

Solution

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Answered 2 years ago
Answered 2 years ago
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First, let's find a vector that belongs to the line x+2y=0x+2y=0. Since the equation implies that x=2yx=-2y, if we take y=1y=1, we get that a=(2,1)Ta=(-2,1)^T belongs to the line x+2y=0x+2y=0. Now, let's compute the projection matrix PP onto the line through the vector aa (which is x+2y=0x+2y=0).

P=aaTaTa=[21][21][21][21]=[4221]4+1=[4/52/52/51/5]\begin{align*} {\color{#4257b2}P}&=\dfrac{aa^T}{a^Ta}\\\\ &=\dfrac{\begin{bmatrix}-2\\\phantom{-}1\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}-2 & 1\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}-2 & 1\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}-2\\\phantom{-}1\end{bmatrix}}\\ &=\dfrac{\begin{bmatrix}\phantom{-}4 & -2\\-2 & \phantom{-}1\end{bmatrix}}{4+1}\\\\ &={\color{#4257b2}\begin{bmatrix}\phantom{-}4/5 & -2/5\\-2/5 & \phantom{-}1/5\end{bmatrix}} \end{align*}

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