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Question

Find the orthogonal trajectories of each given family of curves. In each case sketch several members of the family and several of the orthogonal trajectories on the same set of axes.

y2=cxy^{2}=c x

Solution

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Step 1
1 of 2

Differentiate the given equation

y2=cxy^2=cx

with respect to xx , we get

2ydydx=c(1)2y\frac{dy}{dx}=c \hspace*{15mm} (1)

Finding the parameter cc from the given equation. Then we get

c=y2xc=\frac{y^2}{x}

Substitute cc into the equation (1)(1) , we get

2ydydx=y2xdydx=y2x\begin{align*} 2y\frac{dy}{dx}&=\frac{y^2}{x}\\ \frac{dy}{dx}&=\frac{y}{2x} \end{align*}

Now, find the differential equation of the orthogonal trajectories by replacing y2x\frac{y}{2x} by its negative reciprocal 2xy.-2\frac{x}{y}. Then we get

dydx=2xyydy=2xdx\begin{align*} \frac{dy}{dx}&=-2\frac{x}{y}\\ y\, dy &=-2x\, dx \end{align*}

By integration, then we see that

ydy=2xdxy22=2xdxy22=x2+c1c=y2+2x2\begin{align*} \int y\, dy&=\int -2x\, dx\\ \frac{y^2}{2} &=-2\int x\, dx\\ \frac{y^2}{2}&=-x^2+c_1\\ c&=\boxed{y^2+2x^2} \end{align*}

Therefore

y2+2x2=c\boxed{\color{#4257b2} y^2+2x^2=c}

is the family of orthogonal trajectories of the given family.

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