Five-year-old Amy wakes her parents up at 3 AM crying and complaining of a sore neck, a severe headache, and feeling sick to her stomach. She has a temperature of $40^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ $\left(104^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\right)$ and hides her eyes, saying that the lights are too bright. The emergency physician suspects meningitis and performs a lumbar tap. Using your knowledge of neuroanatomy, explain into which space and at what level of the vertebral column the needle will be inserted to perform this test. Which fluid is being obtained and why?

As a young design engineer you are asked to design an emergency braking parachute system for use with a military aircraft of mass 9500 kg. The plane lands at 350 km/hr, and the parachute system alone must slow the airplane to 100 km/hr in less than 1200 m. Find the minimum diameter required for a single parachute, and for three noninterfering parachutes. Plot the airplane speed versus distance and versus time. What is the maximum “g-force” experienced?

B.L., 17, had a compression fracture at the C5-C6 after jumping into a river from a bridge and slamming into a submerged rock. Fortunately, she was saved by a companion who had first-aid expertise and worked to limit any collateral damage. B.L. was unable to move her limbs, feel touch, or have reflexes in her limbs when she arrived at the emergency room. Describe the necessity for caution while handling a person who may have had a spinal cord injury.

(Use Excel) Color coding is often used in manufacturing operations to display production status or to identify/prioritize materials. For example, suppose "green" status indicates that an assembly line is operating normally, "yellow" indicates it is down waiting on personnel for set up or repair, "blue" indicates it is down waiting on materials to be delivered, and "red" indicates an emergency condition. Management has set realistic goals whereby the assembly line should be operating normally 80% of the time, waiting on personnel 9% of the time, waiting on materials $9 \%$ of the time, and in an emergency condition 2% of the time. Based on $250$ recent status records, the status was green $185$ times, yellow $24$ times, blue $32$ times, and red $9$ times.

a. State the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses to test if the proportions of assembly line statuses differ from the goals set by management.

b. Calculate the value of the test statistic.

c. Use Excel's CHISQ.DIST.RT function to calculate the $p$-value.

d. Are management's goals being met at $\alpha=0.05$ ? Will your conclusion change at $\alpha=0.01$ ?

A recently graduated mechanical engineer wants to build a reserve fund as a safety net to pay his expenses in the unlikely event that an unexpected emergency arises. His aim is to have $45,000 developed over the next 3 years, with the proviso that the amount must have the same purchasing power as$45,000 today. If the expected market rate on investments is 8% per year and inflation is averaging 2% per year, find the annual amount necessary to meet his goal.

Match each type of disease with the type of disease-causing agent that causes it. _ African sleeping sickness A. virus B. bacterium C. protist D. parasitic worm E. fungus

A driver makes an emergency stop and inadvertently locks up the brakes of the car, which skids to a stop on dry concrete. Consider the effect of heavy rain on this scenario. Using the values in Table 1, determine how much farther the car would skid (expressed as a percentage of the dry-weather skid) if the concrete were wet instead. What does this question imply about driving safely?

Table 1 Coeffi cients of Kinetic Friction for Rubber on Concrete

(a) A light-rail commuter train accelerates at a rate of 1.35 m/s². How long does it take to reach its top speed of 80.0 km/h, starting from rest? (b) The same train ordinarily decelerates at a rate of 1.65 m/s². How long does it take to come to a stop from its top speed? (c) In emergencies, the train can decelerate more rapidly, coming to rest from 80.0 km/h in 8.30 s. What is its emergency acceleration in meters per second squared?

While you are talking with your friend at an expensive restaurant, she quickly stops in midswallow and looks panicked. When you ask what is wrong, she indicates that she can’t speak and runs toward the restroom. What should you do? Suppose that your first aid does not work---what procedure might emergency medical personnel use to help your her?

The frequency table summarizes the distribution of time that 140 patients at the emergency room of a small-city hospital waited to receive medical attention during the last month.

$$\begin{array}{lr} \hline \text { Waiting time } & \text { Frequency } \\ \hline \text { Less than } 10 \text { minutes } & 5 \\ \text { At least } 10 \text { but less than } 20 \text { minutes } & 24 \\ \text { At least } 20 \text { but less than } 30 \text { minutes } & 45 \\ \text { At least } 30 \text { but less than } 40 \text { minutes } & 38 \\ \text { At least } 40 \text { but less than } 50 \text { minutes } & 19 \\ \text { At least } 50 \text { but less than } 60 \text { minutes } & 7 \\ \text { At least } 60 \text { but less than } 70 \text { minutes } & 2 \\ \hline \end{array}$$

Which of the following represents possible values for the median and IQR of waiting times for the emergency room last month? (a) median = 27 minutes and IQR = 15 minutes (b) median = 28 minutes and IQR = 25 minutes (c) median = 31 minutes and IQR = 35 minutes (d) median = 35 minutes and IQR = 45 minutes (e) median = 45 minutes and IQR = 55 minutes

Ambulance response time. Geographical Analysis (Jan. 2010) presented a study of emergency medical service (EMS) ability to meet the demand for an ambulance. In one example, the researchers presented the following scenario. An ambulance station has one vehicle and two demand locations, $\mathrm{A}$ and $\mathrm{B}$. The probability that the ambulance can travel to a location in under 8 minutes is $.58$ for location $\mathrm{A}$ and $.42$ for location $\mathrm{B}$. The probability that the ambulance is busy at any point in time is $.3$. Find the probability that EMS can meet the demand for an ambulance at location B.

Suppose that you were called upon to give some advice to a lawyer concerning the physics involved in one of her cases. The question is whether a driver was exceeding a $30$-mi/h speed limit before he made an emergency stop, brakes locked and wheels sliding. The length of skid marks on the road was $19.2$ ft. The police officer made the assumption that the maxi- mum deceleration of the car would not exceed the accelera- tion of a freely falling body $(=32$ ft/s$^2)$ and did not give the driver a ticket. Was the driver speeding? Explain.

You are working in the emergency department (ED) of a community hospital when the ambulance arrives with A.N., an $18$-year-old woman who was caught in a house fire. She was sleeping when the fire started and managed to make her way out of the house through thick smoke. The emergency medical system crew initiated humidified oxygen at $15 \mathrm{~L} / \mathrm{min}$ per nonrebreather mask and started a $16$-gauge IV with lactated Ringer's solution. On arrival to the ED, her vital signs are $100/66, 125, 34$, $\mathrm{SaO}_2 93 \%$. An additional $16$-gauge IV is inserted. She appears anxious and in pain.

$$\begin{aligned} &\text { Laboratory Test Values }\\ &\begin{array}{ll} \text { Hgb } & 20 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{dL} \\ \text { Hct } & 51 \% \\ \mathrm{~K} & 4.9 \mathrm{mEq} / \mathrm{dL} \\ \mathrm{Na} & 133 \mathrm{mEq} / \mathrm{dL} \\ \mathrm{Cl} & 100 \mathrm{mEq} / \mathrm{dL} \\ \text { Glu } & 159 \mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{dL} \\ \text { BUN } & 28 \mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{dL} \\ \text { Cre } & 1.0 \mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{dL} \end{array} \end{aligned}$$

Interpret A.N.'s laboratory results.

You are on duty in the emergency department (ED) when a "code blue" is called. As the code nurse, you grab the crash cart and run to the code, which is in the employee lounge of the operating room. On the couch, you find a nurse, Z.H., unconscious, dusky, and barely breathing
Z.H.'s respiratory rate is 8 and shallow. The respiratory therapist intubates her and continues to ventilate her manually. You attach ECG leads to her chest and find the results shown in the figure. What is your interpretation of Z.H.'s rhythm?