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Question

For a business using just-in-time inventory, a delivery of Q items arrives just as the last item is shipped out. Suppose that items are shipped out at a nonconstant rate such that f(t)=Qrtf(t)=Q-r \sqrt{t} gives the number of items in inventory. Find the time T at which the next shipment must arrive. Find the average value of f on the interval [0, T].

Solution

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The inventory will need to be restocked when

f(T)=0    QrT=0    T=Q2r2(1)f(T) = 0 \implies Q-r\sqrt{T} = 0 \implies T = \frac{Q^2}{r^2} \tag{1}

The average value of ff in [0,T][0,T] is given by

favg=1T00Tf(t)  dtf_{avg} = \frac{1}{T-0} \int_0^T f(t) \; \text{d} t

The integral is

0Tf(t)  dt=0TQrt  dt=[Qt23rt3/2t=0t=T=QT23rT3/2\int_0^T f(t) \; \text{d} t = \int_0^T Q-r\sqrt{t} \; \text{d} t = \left[ Qt - \frac{2}{3} r t^{3/2} \right|_{t=0}^{t=T} = QT - \frac{2}{3} r T^{3/2}

so

favg=Q23rT=(1)Q23  r  Qr=Q3f_{avg} = Q - \frac{2}{3} r \sqrt{T} \overset{(1)} = Q - \frac{2}{3} \; r \; \frac{Q}{r} = \frac{Q}{3}

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