For each of the following changes to the equilibrium system below, predict which reaction will be favored-forward (to the right), reverse (to the left), or neither. $\mathrm { H } _ { 2 } ( \mathrm { gas } ) + \mathrm { Cl } _ { 2 } ( \mathrm { gas } ) \leftrightarrows 2 \mathrm { HCl } ( \mathrm { gas } ) +$ energy a. addition of $Cl_2$ b. removal of HCI c. increase in pressure d. decrease in temperature e. removal of $H_2$

Pap er consists mainly of cellulose, a complex compound made up of simple sugars. Suggest a method for turning old newspapers into sugars using an enzyme. What problems would there be? What precautions would need to be taken?

Designing Experiments Paper consists mainly of cellulose, a complex compound made up of simple sugars. Suggest a method for turning old newspapers into sugars by using an enzyme. What problems would there be? What precautions would need to be taken?

a. What is the wavelength of a 2.0 MHz ultrasound wave traveling through aluminum? b. What frequency of electromagnetic wave would have the same wavelength as the ultrasound wave of part a?

How does a lizard control its body temperature?

The total cost of an annual pass plus camping for x days in a National Park can be modeled by the function f(x) = 20x + 80. Senior citizens pay half of this price and receive an additional $30 discount. Describe how to transform the graph of f to model the total cost for a senior citizen. What is the total cost for a senior citizen to go camping for three days?

Most reactions speed up when a. the temperature is lowered. b. equilibrium is achieved. c. the concentration of the products is increased. d. the reactants are in small pieces.

Ultraviolet rays from the sun can cause sunburn. Sunscreens have been advertised as effective protection against sunburns. Design an experiment to determine whether the advertising claims are accurate.

When wood is burned, energy is released in the form of heat and light. Describe the reaction, and explain why this reaction does not violate the law of conservation of energy. Use the terms combustion, exothermic, and chemical energy.

A system in chemical equilibrium a. has particles that don't move. b. responds to minimize change. c. is undergoing visible change. d. is stable only when all of the reactants have been used.

Fill in the blank with either

$$\in \text { or } \notin$$

to make each statement true.

$$93 \ ? \ \{ 1,2,3,4 , \dots , 99,100 \}$$

Classify each of the following reactions as a synthesis, decomposition, single-displacement, double-displacement, or combustion reaction:
a.

$$\mathrm { N } _ { 2 } ( g ) + 3 \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } ( g ) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm { NH } _ { 3 } ( \mathrm { g } )$$

b.

$$2 \mathrm { Li } ( s ) + 2 \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O } ( l ) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm { LiOH } ( a q ) + \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } ( \mathrm { g } )$$

c.

$$2 \mathrm { NaNO } _ { 3 } ( s ) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm { NaNO } _ { 2 } ( s ) + \mathrm { O } _ { 2 } ( g )$$

d.

$$2 \mathrm { C } _ { 6 } \mathrm { H } _ { 14 } ( l ) + 19 \mathrm { O } _ { 2 } ( g ) \longrightarrow 12 \mathrm { CO } _ { 2 } ( g ) + 14 \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O } ( l )$$

When a chemical reaction occurs, atoms are never a. ionized. b. rearranged. c. destroyed. d. vaporized.

Which of the following statements about free radicals is true? a. Free radicals form ionic bonds with other ions. b. Free radicals result from broken covalent bonds. c. Free radicals usually break apart to form smaller components. d. Free radicals bind molecules together.