For each of the following, indicate if the structure is found only in eukaryotes, or if it is found in eukaryotes and prokaryotes: cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosome, Golgi apparatus, nucleus, cytoplasm, and DNA.

At what velocity does a proton have a 6.00-fm wavelength (about the size of a nucleus)? Assume the proton is nonrelativistic. (1 femtometer =$10^{-15} \mathrm{m}).$

Determine the symbol ${ }_Z^A \mathrm{X}$ for the parent nucleus whose $\alpha$ decay produces the same daughter as the $\beta^{-}$decay of thallium ${ }_{81}^{208} \mathrm{Tl}$.

Give the number of protons and number of neutrons in the nucleus of each of the following: (16.1) a. boron-10 b. zinc-72 c. iron- 59 d. gold-198

Which of the following is/are true of promoters?

a. They contain both exons and introns

b. They are found only in eukaryotes.

c. They are found only in bacteria.

d. They contain introns, but not exons.

e. They are found in both bacteria and eukaryotes.

Calculate the nuclear binding energy of the nucleus ${ }_{11}^{23} \mathrm{Na}$. The measured atomic mass of $\frac{23}{11} \mathrm{Na}$ is $22.989767$ amu.

A nucleus of 4 neutrons and 4 protons that is surrounded by 2 orbiting electrons is

(a) a positive ion.

(b) a negative ion.

(c ) an alpha particle

(d) a beta particle

Which of the following forces is (most) crucial for holding a nucleus together?

(a) electric force

(b) magnetic force

(c) the strong force

(d) friction

(e) gravity

The two ions $K^+}and $Ca^{2+}$ each have 18 electrons surrounding the nucleus. Which would you expect to have the smaller radius? Why?

Suppose an organism usually has 24 chromosomes in its nucleus. How many chromatids would it have just after the $S$ phase of the cell cycle?

Near the surface of the nucleus of a lead atom, the electric field has a strength of $3.4 \times 10^{21} \mathrm{~V} / \mathrm{m}$. What is the energy density in this field?

The element oxygen has three naturally occurring isotopes, with 8, 9, and 10 neutrons in the nucleus, respectively. Write the full chemical symbols for these three isotopes.

A nucleus with mass number $A=182$ and atomic number $Z=74$ loses two neutrons. What are the resulting (a) mass number, (b) atomic number, and ( c) neutron number?

An example of a "pick-up" nuclear reaction is $_{2}^{3} \mathrm{He}+ _{6}^{12} \mathrm{C} \rightarrow \mathrm{X}+\alpha .$ What is the resulting nucleus?