For each of the following processes that show the formation of ions, complete the process by indicating the number of electrons that must be gained or lost to form the ion. Indicate the total number of electrons in the ion and in the atom from which it was made.

a. $\mathrm{Al} \rightarrow \mathrm{Al}^{3+}$
b. $\mathrm{S} \rightarrow \mathrm{S}^{2-}$
c. $\mathrm{Cu} \rightarrow \mathrm{Cu}^{+}$
d. $\mathrm{F} \rightarrow \mathrm{F}^{-}$
e. $\mathrm{Zn} \rightarrow \mathrm{Zn}^{2+}$
f. $\mathrm{P} \rightarrow \mathrm{P}^{3-}$

Most metallic elements form oxides, and often the oxide is the most common compound of the element that is found in the earth's crust. Write the formulas for the oxides of the following metallic elements.

a. potassium
b. magnesium
c. iron(II)
d. iron(III)
e. zinc
f. lead(III)
g. aluminum

Name the following compounds.

a. $\left(\mathrm{NH}_4\right)_2 \mathrm{CO}_3$
b. $\mathrm{NH}_4 \mathrm{HCO}_3$
c. $\mathrm{Ca}_3\left(\mathrm{PO}_4\right)_2$
d. $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_3$
e. $\mathrm{MnO}_2$
f. $\mathrm{HIO}_3$
g. $\mathrm{KH}$

Name the following compounds.

a. $\mathrm{AuBr}_3$
b. $\mathrm{Co}(\mathrm{CN})_3$
c. $\mathrm{MgHPO}_4$
d. $\mathrm{B}_2 \mathrm{H}_6$
e. $\mathrm{NH}_3$
f. $\mathrm{Ag}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4$
g. $\mathrm{Be}(\mathrm{OH})_2$

What is a binary compound? What is a polyatomic anion? What is an oxyanion ?

Before an electrocardiogram (ECG) is recorded for a cardiac patient, the ECG leads are usually coated with a moist paste containing sodium chloride. What property of an ionic substance such as $\mathrm{NaCl}$ is being made use of ?

In an ionic compound the positive ion is called the____ and the negative ion is called the____.

Write the formula for each of the following substances.

a. lithium chloride
b. cuprous carbonate
c. hydrobromic acid
d. calcium nitrate
e. sodium perchlorate
f. aluminum hydroxide
g. barium hydrogen carbonate
h. iron(II) sulfate
i. diboron hexachloride
j. phosphorus pentabromide
k. potassium sulfite
l. barium acetate

Which of the following compounds is named incorrectly?

A. $\mathrm{PCl}_3$ phosphorus trichloride
B. $\mathrm{MgCl}_2$ magnesium dichloride
C. $\mathrm{CuO} \quad$ copper(II) oxide
D. At least two of the above $(\mathrm{A}-\mathrm{C})$ are named incorrectly.

How are the anions in all types of binary compounds similar?

When writing a formula from a chemical name, how can you tell how many of each element or polyatomic ion to put in the formula?

Write the formula for each of the following acids.

a. hydroiodic acid
b. perchloric acid
c. acetic acid
d. hydrofluoric acid
e. chloric acid
f. hydrobromic acid
g. sulfurous acid
h. phosphoric acid

Write the formula for each of the following compounds that contain polyatomic ions. Be sure to enclose the polyatomic ion in parentheses if more than one such ion is needed.

a. calcium phosphate
b. ammonium nitrate
c. aluminum hydrogen sulfate
d. barium sulfate
e. iron(III) nitrate
f. copper(I) hydroxide

Write the formula for each of the following binary compounds of nonmetallic elements.

a. carbon dioxide
b. sulfur dioxide
c. dinitrogen tetrachloride
d. carbon tetraiodide
e. phosphorus pentafluoride
f. diphosphorus pentoxide