Health care workers who use latex gloves with glove powder on a daily basis are particularly susceptible to developing a latex allergy. Symptoms of a latex allergy include conjunctivitis, hand eczema, nasal congestion, a skin rash, and shortness of breath. Each in a sample of 46 hospital employees who were diagnosed with latex allergy based on a skin-prick test reported on their exposure to latex gloves ( Current Allergy & Clinical Immunology, March 2004). Summary statistics for the number of latex gloves used per week are $$ \overline { x } = 19.3 \) and \( s = 11.9 $$ a. Give a point estimate for the average number of latex gloves used per week by all health care workers with a latex allergy. b. Form a 95% confidence interval for the average number of latex gloves used per week by all health care workers with a latex allergy. c. Give a practical interpretation of the interval you found in part b . d. Give the conditions required for the interval in part b to be valid.

Latex allergy in health care workers. Health care workers who use latex gloves with glove powder on a daily basis are particularly susceptible to developing a latex allergy. Each in a sample of 46 hospital employees who were diagnosed with latex allergy based on a skin-prick test reported on their exposure to latex gloves (Current Allergy & Clinical Immunology, March 2004). Summary statistics for the number of latex gloves used per week are $\bar{x}=19.3$, $s=11.9$. Give a point estimate for the average number of latex gloves used per week by all health care workers with a latex allergy.

Refer to the Current Allergy & Clinical immunology (Mar. 2004) study of health care workers who use latex gloves. In addition to the 46 hospital employees who were diagnosed with a latex allergy on the basis of a skin-prick test, another 37 health care workers were diagnosed with the allergy by means of a latex-specific serum test. Of these 83 workers with a confirmed latex allergy, only 36 suspected tbat they had the allergy when they were asked about it on a questionnaire. Make a statement about the likelihood that a health care worker with a latex allergy suspects that he or she actually has the allergy. Attach a measure of reliability to your inference.

Latex allergy in health care workers. Refer to the Current Allergy & Clinical Immunology (March 2004) study of $n=46$ hospital employees who were diagnosed with a latex allergy from exposure to the powder on latex gloves, Exercise $6.112$ (p. 351). The number of latex gloves used per week by the sampled workers is summarized as follows: $\bar{x}=19.3$ and $s=11.9$. Let $\mu$ represent the mean number of latex gloves used per week by all hospital employees. Consider testing $H_0: \mu=20$ against $H_{\mathrm{a}}: \mu<20$. Give the rejection region for the test at a significance level of $\alpha=.01$

Congenital amusia is a disorder that impacts one’s perception of music. A team of psychologists and neuroscientists tested the pitch memory of individuals diagnosed with amusia and reported their results in Advances in Cognitive Psychology (Vol. 6, 2010). Each in a sample of 17 amusiacs listened to a series of tone pairs, where each tone pair was a standard tone followed by a comparison tone. For each tone pair, the subjects were asked to determine if the tones were the same or different. In one trial, the tones were separated by 1 second. In a second trial, the tones were separated by 5 seconds. (In theory, the longer the delay between tones, the less likely one is to detect a difference between the tones.) Scores in the two trials were compared for each amusiac. The mean score difference was .11 with a standard deviation of .19. Use this information to form a 90% confidence interval for the true mean score difference for all amusiacs. Interpret the result. What assumption about the population of score differences must hold true for the interval to be valid?

In a survey conducted by the marketing agency 11mark, 241 of 1000 adults 19 years of age or older confessed to bringing and using their cell phone every trip to the bathroom (confessions included texting and answering phone calls).

What is the sample in this study? What is the population of interest?

USA Today (Feb. 15, 2007) reported on the results of an opinion poll in which adults were asked what one thing they are most likely to do when they are home sick with a cold or the flu. In the survey, 63% said that they are most likely to sleep and 18% said that they would watch television. Although the sample size was not reported, typically opinion polls include approximately 1,000 randomly selected respondents . a. Assuming a sample size of 1,000 for this poll, construct a 95% confidence interval for the true percentage of all adults who would choose to sleep when they are at home sick. b. If the true percentage of adults who would choose to sleep when they are at home sick is 70%, would you be surprised? Explain.

According to a theory in psychology, young female adults show more emotional empathy toward others than do males. The Journal of Moral Education (June 2010) tested this theory by examining the attitudes of a sample of 30 female college students. Each student completed the Ethic of Care interview, which consisted of a series of statements on empathy attitudes. For the statement on emotional empathy (e.g., "l often have tender, concerned feelings for people less fortunate than me"), the sample mean response was 3.28. Assume the population standard deviation for females is .5. [Note: Empathy scores ranged from 0 to 4, where 0 = "never" and 4 = "always".] Suppose it is known that male college students have an average emotional empathy score of $\mu=3$. a. Specify the null and alternative hypotheses for testing whether female college students score higher than 3.0 on the emotional empathy scale. b. Compute the test statistic. c. Find the observed significance level (p-value) of the test. d. At $\alpha=.01$, what is the appropriate conclusion? e. How small of an $\alpha$-value can you choose and still have sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis?

A study published in Current Allergy & Clinical Immunology (Mar. 2004) investigated allergic reactions of dental patients to local anesthetics. Based on a survey of dental practitioners, the study reported that the mean number of units (ampoules) of local anesthetics used per week by dentists was 79, with a standard deviation of 23. Suppose we want to determine the percentage of dentists who use less than 102 units of local anesthetics per week. a. Assuming that nothing is known about the shape of the distribution for the data, what percentage of dentists use less than 102 units of local anesthetics per week? b. Assuming that the data has a mound-shaped distribution, what percentage of dentists use less than 102 units of local anesthetics per week?

A recent survey conducted for the National Association of Broadcasters investigated satellite radio subscriber service and usage. The June 2007 survey, conducted by Wilson Research Strategies, consisted of a random sample of 501 satellite radio subscribers. One of the questions of interest was, “Do you have a satellite radio receiver in your car?” The survey found that 396 subscribers did, in fact, have a satellite receiver in their car. a. Identify the population of interest to the National Association of Broadcasters. b. Based on the survey question, what is the variable of interest? c. Does the variable produce quantitative or qualitative data? d. Describe that sample of interest. e. What inference can be made from the survey results?

Give the z -score for a measurement from a normal distribution for the following: 1 standard deviation above the mean

Solve. f - $1.64 =$3.77

A 32-year-old man presents in the allergy clinic with complaints of allergic rhinitis or hay fever. His major complaints are those of nasal pruritus (itching), nasal congestion with profuse watery drainage, sneezing, and eye irritation. The physical examination reveals edematous and inflamed nasal mucosa and redness of the ocular conjunctiva. He relates that this happens every fall during "ragweed season."

Explain the immunologic mechanisms that are responsible for this man's symptoms.

The evening shift nurse is caring for a client scheduled for surgery. The client states, ''I once got a rash from wearing rubber gloves.'' Which action should the nurse take?

a) Note in the medical records that the client has a latex allergy.

b) No intervention is needed since the client will not be wearing gloves.

c) Notify the OR staff about the allergy to sulfur-containing products.

d) Notify the surgeon so that the surgery can be canceled.