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How are chromosomes and plasmids similar, and how do they differ? What are R plasmids and why are they of medical concern?

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Chromosomes and plasmids: Similarities - carry genetic information; exist as circular or linear structures; host transposable elements. Differences - plasmids are often significantly smaller than chromosomes; unlike chromosomes, plasmids are usually nonessential.

R plasmids or resistance plasmids make cells immune to antibiotics, either by guarding the cell or disabling the antibiotic. Several different antibiotic resistance genes can be encoded on a single R plasmid, and the presence of such plasmids in harmful bacteria poses a serious threat to human health.

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