How are DNA fingerprints and restriction maps similar? different? Explain.

One way of identifying a bacterium that causes a disease is to use PCR and gel electrophoresis. This process works even when many other types of bacteria are present because A. PCR increases the amount of specific DNA sequences. B. other bacteria can't survive the PCR reaction. C. the disease-causing bacterium is larger than most other bacteria. D. PCR increases the amount of DNA from harmful bacteria only.

Many human genetic diseases are caused by recessive alleles of genes. How might PCR be important in the diagnosis of these illnesses?

What is the relationship between restriction sites and a restriction map?

Describe how heating double-stranded DNA separates the strands. Why does heating also inactivate DNA polymerases from many organisms?

How does gel electrophoresis separate DNA fragments from each other?

Transgenic bacteria can be used to make human insulin. Explain how bacteria can produce a human protein.

Identical twins are technically clones of each other but can differ in both appearance and behavior. How is it possible that two people with the same genome could be different?

Some fruits and vegetables are the result of crossing different species. A tangelo, for example, results from crossing a tangerine with a grapefruit. How are the genetic engineering processes of making transgenic organisms similar to and different from crossbreeding?.

A plant can send out a runner that will sprout a new plant that is a clone of the "parent." Single-celled organisms divide in two, forming two clones. How is the cloning of an animal similar to and different from the cloning that happens in nature?

How are restriction maps and DNA fingerprints similar? How are they different? Explain your answers.

How are DNA microarrays related to genomics?

What is gene therapy, and how might it be used as a treatment for cancer or for genetic disorders?

How are pedigree analysis and DNA testing used together in genetic screening?