How do mutation and immigration disrupt genetic equilibrium? Explain.

Define How can immigration alter allele frequencies in a population?

Define gene flow.

Why are autotrophs essential components of an ecosystem? Explain.

Briefly describe the roles of RNA:

Discuss the necessary conditions for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

Explain how inbreeding can threaten the survival of a small population.

What happens when a protein is denatured?

Why was knowledge about the environment necessary to the earliest members of our species? Why is such knowledge important now?

Explain the pattern described by the exponential model of population growth.

Name the causes of variations in the traits of organisms?

Why would it be unusual to find a tree in the tundra? Explain.

The tendency for males to develop extreme versions of traits that appeal to females is a result of (a) random mating (b) speciation $(c)$ reproductive isolation (d) sexual selection.

Estuaries serve as breeding sites and nurseries for thousands of species of marine animals. What are the possible advantages and disadvantages to the organisms using estuaries for these purposes?