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An interval polynomial is of the form

P(s)=a0+a1s+a2s2+a3s3+a4s4+a5s5+P(s)=a_{0}+a_{1} s+a_{2} s^{2}+a_{3} s^{3}+a_{4} s^{4}+a_{5} s^{5}+\cdots

with its coefficients belonging to intervals

xiaiyix_{i} \leq a_{i} \leq y_{i}

where xix_{i}, yiy_{i} are prescribed constants. Kharitonov's theorem says that an interval polynomial has all its roots in the left half-plane if each one of the following four polynomials has its roots in the left half-plane

K1(s)=x0+x1s+y2s2+y3s3+x4s4+x5s5+y6s6+K2(s)=x0+y1s+y2s2+x3s3+x4s4+y5s5+y6s6+K3(s)=y0+x1s+x2s2+y3s3+y4s4+x5s5+x6s6+K4(s)=y0+y1s+x2s2+x3s3+y4s4+y5s5+x6s6+\begin{array}{l} K_{1}(s)=x_{0}+x_{1} s+y_{2} s^{2}+y_{3} s^{3}+x_{4} s^{4}+x_{5} s^{5}+y_{6} s^{6}+\cdots \\ K_{2}(s)=x_{0}+y_{1} s+y_{2} s^{2}+x_{3} s^{3}+x_{4} s^{4}+y_{5} s^{5}+y_{6} s^{6}+\cdots \\ K_{3}(s)=y_{0}+x_{1} s+x_{2} s^{2}+y_{3} s^{3}+y_{4} s^{4}+x_{5} s^{5}+x_{6} s^{6}+\cdots \\ K_{4}(s)=y_{0}+y_{1} s+x_{2} s^{2}+x_{3} s^{3}+y_{4} s^{4}+y_{5} s^{5}+x_{6} s^{6}+\cdots \end{array}

Use Kharitonov's theorem and the Routh-Hurwitz criterion to find if the following polynomial has any zeros in the right half-plane.

P(s)=a0+a1s+a2s2+a3s32a04;1a12;4a26;a3=1\begin{array}{l} P(s)=a_{0}+a_{1} s+a_{2} s^{2}+a_{3} s^{3} \\ 2 \leq a_{0} \leq 4 ; \quad 1 \leq a_{1} \leq 2 ; \quad 4 \leq a_{2} \leq 6 ; \quad a_{3}=1 \end{array}

Question

How does modern relativity modify the law of conservation of momentum?

Solution

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The classical momentum is given by p=mvp=mv. The modern relativity changed the momentum to be p=γmup=\gamma mu, where γ=11v2c2\gamma= \frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}}} and that uu is the velocity of the moving object relative to an observer, instead of the velocity of the frame vv used in classical physics.

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