How does the theory of plate tectonics help us understand the causes of ice ages ?

Explain how past temperatures are determined using oxygen-isotope analysis.

Why are seafloor sediments useful in the study of past climates?

Explain how the theories of continental drift and seafloor spreading support the theory of plate tectonics.

What are proxy data, and why are they necessary in the study of climate change?

What are the five major parts of the climate system?

Crevasses (deep fractures or cracks) form in glaciers because ____. Select one:

a. as the glacier moves over irregular topography, the brittle upper layer or zone of fracture is subject to tension and cracks above the ductile layer $\\$ b. as the glacier moves over irregular topography, cracks can form anywhere in the glacier but they are called "crevasses" only if they are near the surface$

$$c. there is not always the same amount of ice available in all areas so cracks form when the ice tries to move and fill in empty parts of the glacier$$

$$d. as the glacier moves over irregular topography the bottom of the glacier (known as the zone of fracture) cracks and the cracks propagate upward to the surface of the glacier$$

$ e. not all of the ice in a glacier moves downhill at the same rate in the glacier

List four effects of Ice Age glaciers , aside from the formation of major erosional and depositional features .

Earth’s major subtropical deserts are located between about 20 degrees and 35 degrees latitude.

a Name five subtropical deserts.

b On what side (western or eastern) of the continent are they located?

c What is the general name of the pressure systems responsible for subtropical deserts?

Earth's major subtropical deserts are located between about 20c and 35c latitude.

a. Referring to Figure 9.1 , page 152, name five subtropical deserts.

1. ____________ _ 2. ____________ _ 3. -------------

2. ____________ _ 5. ____________ _

b. Are the subtropical deserts you named in Question 3a located mainly on the western or eastern sides of continents?

Briefly describe the Southern Oscillation and how it is related to El Nino and La Nina .

Summarize the factors that influence flow velocity.

During what months do most tropical storms and hurricanes in the Atlantic basin occur? Why are these months favored?

Draw and label a simple sketch of a drainage basin and divide.