Identify each compound as the salt of a primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary amine. (a) Butyldiethylammonium bromide (b) Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (c) Propylammonium iodide (d) Isopropylmethylammonium chloride

Write both condensed and line structures for (a) the ester formed when butyric acid reacts with cyclopentanol, (b) the amide formed when isopropyl amine is reacted with butyric acid, and (c) the amide formed when diethylamine is reacted with butyric acid, (d) Name the derivatives you created in parts (a)-(c).

Lemon juice, which contains citric acid, is traditionally recommended for removing the odor associated with cleaning fish. What functional group is responsible for a “fishy” odor, and why does lemon juice work to remove the odor?

Indicate the changes in secondary and tertiary structural levels of proteins for each of the following: Surgical instruments are placed in a $120^{\circ} C$ autoclave.

Which is the stronger base in each pair? (a) Ammonia or ethanamine (b) Triethylamine or pyridine

Draw the structure of 2-bromo-3-methyl-3-heptanol.

Select the letter of the choice that best completes the statement. The brain and the spinal cavity are located in the: (a.) ventral cavity (b.) spinal cavity (c.) cranial cavity (d.) dorsal cavity

Write an equation for the acid-base equilibrium of: (a) Pyrrolidine and water (b) Pyridine and water Label each species in the equilibrium as either an acid or a base.

Draw the alcohol that is the product of the reduction of 3-methylpentanal.

For each of the following reagents, decide whether toluene will react with it or not, and, if it does, draw and name the product(s) expected from the reaction.

(a) $\mathrm{H}_2$ and Pd catalyst

(b) $\mathrm{Br}_2$ and $\mathrm{FeBr}_3$

(c) $\mathrm{HBr}$

(d) $\mathrm{HNO}_3$ and $\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{SO}_4$ catalyst

Raymond is hypertensive and was recently diagnosed with impaired kidney function based on urinalysis and a blood test for creatinine. What sorts of test results would you expect, and how is hypertension related to kidney function?

What types of substances are most likely to be soluble in water?

Draw and name alkanes that meet the following descriptions: (a) A 5-carbon alkane with a tertiary carbon atom (b) A 7-carbon alkane that has both a tertiary and a quaternary carbon atom

Three major issues are addressed by psychologists in the study of human development. Identify and state how all three might explain how children's traits and abilities develop.