Identify the type of sampling (random, systematic, convenience, stratified, cluster) used when a sample of the 637,133 stockholders is obtained as described. Then determine whether the sampling scheme is likely to result in a sample that is representative of the population of all 637,133 stockholders.

b. At the annual stockholders' meeting, a survey is conducted of all who attend.

Categorize the type of sampling (simple random, stratified, systematic, cluster, or convenience) used in each of the following situations. To conduct a study on depression among the elderly, a sample of 30 patients in one nursing home was used.

Identify the sampling method (simple random sampling, systematic sampling, convenience sampling, or stratified sampling) in the following studies.

A taste test for chips and salsa is conducted at the entrance to a supermarket.

Identify the sampling method (simple random sampling, systematic sampling, convenience sampling, or stratified sampling) in the following studies.

Every $100$th computer chip that is produced is given a reliability test.

Identify the sampling method (simple random sampling, systematic sampling, convenience sampling, or stratified sampling) in the following study. Every $100th$ cast iron pipe that comes off an assembly line is tested for strength.

Identify the sampling method (simple random sampling, systematic sampling, convenience sampling, or stratified sampling) in the following study. An IRS (Internal Revenue Service) auditor randomly selects for audits $100$ single taxpayers in each of the filing tax brackets.

According to a December 2004 report in AgResearch Magazine titled "Putting out the fire" issued by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the agency estimates that about 40% of all people who live in urban areas infested with imported fire ants are stung by the ants each year. What data collection method do you think was used to collect these data? Explain your answer.

Identify the type of sampling (random, systematic, convenience, stratified, cluster) used when a sample of the 637,133 stockholders is obtained as described. Then determine whether the sampling scheme is likely to result in a sample that is representative of the population of all 637,133 stockholders.

a. A complete list of all stockholders is compiled and every 500th name is selected.

A Gallup poll surveyed 1018 adults by telephone, and $22 \%$ of them reported that they smoked cigarettes within the past week.

In the study of the Weight Watchers weight loss program from the mentioned exercise, subjects were found using the method described as follows: "We recruited study candidates from the Greater Boston area using newspaper advertisements and television publicity." Is the sample a voluntary response sample? Why or why not?

Employ critical thinking to develop an alternative or correct conclusion. For example, consider a media report that BMW cars cause people to be healthier. Here is an alternative conclusion: Owners of BMW cars tend to be wealthier than others, and greater wealth is associated with better health.

Data published in USA Today were used to show that there is a correlation between the number of times songs are played on radio stations and the number of times the songs are purchased. Conclusion: Increasing the times that songs are played on radio stations causes sales to increase.

Decide whether the given value is a statistic or a parameter:

Among the Senators in the current Congress, $44 \%$ are Democrats.

True or false: Eye colors are an example of ordinal data.

The given expression is part of a calculation employed to study the relationship between the colors of motorcycle helmets and injuries. Round the result to four decimal places.

$$\frac{(491-513.174)^2}{513.174}$$