If you were a settler moving to a new community in the Great Plains, would you stay and make a new life for yourself or would you leave? Write a descriptive essay that supports the reasons for your decision.

a. Imagine that you are a recent immigrant to the United States in 1900. What aspects of the journey to the United States and the adjustment to American life do you think were most difficult? b. Where did immigrants find assistance in adjusting to American life? c. How did new immigrants contribute to the diversity of American society?

Identify and explain: Denis Kearney, Chinese Exclusion Act, Immigration Restriction League, Grover Cleveland

What does gross national product measure? Create a line graph of the nation's Gross National Product over the last five years.

Use the image to answer the following questions. This engraving from 1889 depicts the Oklahoma Land Rush. What impression does this image give about the settlers who are rushing into the vast frontier to the "Promised Land"?

Use the image to answer the following questions. This 1872 lithograph depicts African Americans elected to Congress. Senator Hiram R. Revels of Mississippi is on the far left. The other men are members of the House of Representatives elected from Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina. Why would different people in the South have had contrasting opinions about this lithograph?

Define and explain: old immigrants, new immigrants, steerage, benevolent societies

Use your notes to explain why you think the government and the railroads used special policies to attract settlement in the Great Plains.

New technologies compete with old ones-for time, for attention, for money, for prestige, but mostly for dominance of their world-view. ... In the United States, we can see such collisions everywhere-in politics, in religion, in commerce - but we see them most clearly in the schools....

In introducing the personal computer to the classroom, we shall be breaking a four-hundred-year-old truce between the gregariousness and openness fostered by orality and the introspection and isolation fostered by the printed word. ... Over four centuries, teachers, while emphasizing print, have allowed orality its place in the classroom, and have therefore achieved a kind of pedagogical peace between these two forms of learning, so that what is valuable in each can be maximized. Now comes the computer, carrying anew the banner of private learning and individual problemsolving. Will the widespread use of computers in the classroom defeat once and for all the claims of communal speech? Will the computer raise egocentrism to the status of a virtue?

A new technology does not add or subtract something. It changes everything. In the year $1500$, fifty years after the printing press was invented, we did not have old Europe plus the printing press. We had a different Europe... And that is why the competition among media is so fierce. Surrounding every technology are institutions whose organization-not to mention their reason for being-reflects the world-view promoted by the technology. Therefore, when an old technology is assaulted by a new one, institutions are threatened. When institutions are threatened, a culture finds itself in crisis. This is serious business, which is why we learn nothing when educators ask, Will students learn mathematics better by computers than by textbooks?... They direct our attention away from the serious social, intellectual, and institutional crisis that new media foster....

• Neil Postman, Technopoly: The Surrender of Culture to Technology, $1993$

In this text, Neil Postman argues that

a. technology determines the worldview of a culturepriorities, symbols, and even how humans relate to one another.

b. computers will soon take over the classroom and eliminate the need for teachers.

c. computers will have the effect of keeping people from reading great books and going to museums.

d. computers and related technology have damaged our culture irreparably by diminishing person-to-person contact.

How did the four candidates for President in 1860 reflect the nation's sectional differences?

Why were some settlers on the Great Plains called homesteaders?

Harry Truman, speaking to Congress, $1947$:

I am fully aware of the broad implications involved if the United States extends assistance to Greece and Turkey, and I shall discuss these implications with you at this time.... To ensure the peaceful development of nations, free from coercion, the United States has taken a leading part in establishing the United Nations. The United Nations is designed to make possible lasting freedom and independence for all its members. We shall not realize our objectives, however, unless we are willing to help free peoples to maintain their free institutions and their national integrity against aggressive movements that seek to impose upon them totalitarian regimes. This is no more than a frank recognition that totalitarian regimes imposed on free peoples, by direct or indirect aggression, undermine the foundations of international peace and hence the security of the United States... I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures. I believe that we must assist free peoples to work out their own destimies in their own way. I believe that our help should be primarily through economic and financial aid which is essential to economic stability and orderly political processes....

• "Transcript of Truman Doctrine," $1947$

Shortly after this request to Congress, Truman's administration announced the Marshall Plan. What was the driving reason behind the execution of the Marshall Plan?

a. Humanitarian goals to fight against poverty, hunger, and desperation in Europe

b. To aid former African colonies in their efforts for freedom

c. To prevent mutually assured destruction

d. To prevent the expansion of Communist influence

What encouraged settlers to move west to the Great Plains?

New technologies compete with old ones-for time, for attention, for money, for prestige, but mostly for dominance of their world-view. ... In the United States, we can see such collisions everywhere-in politics, in religion, in commerce - but we see them most clearly in the schools....

In introducing the personal computer to the classroom, we shall be breaking a four-hundred-year-old truce between the gregariousness and openness fostered by orality and the introspection and isolation fostered by the printed word. ... Over four centuries, teachers, while emphasizing print, have allowed orality its place in the classroom, and have therefore achieved a kind of pedagogical peace between these two forms of learning, so that what is valuable in each can be maximized. Now comes the computer, carrying anew the banner of private learning and individual problemsolving. Will the widespread use of computers in the classroom defeat once and for all the claims of communal speech? Will the computer raise egocentrism to the status of a virtue?

A new technology does not add or subtract something. It changes everything. In the year $1500$, fifty years after the printing press was invented, we did not have old Europe plus the printing press. We had a different Europe... And that is why the competition among media is so fierce. Surrounding every technology are institutions whose organization-not to mention their reason for being-reflects the world-view promoted by the technology. Therefore, when an old technology is assaulted by a new one, institutions are threatened. When institutions are threatened, a culture finds itself in crisis. This is serious business, which is why we learn nothing when educators ask, Will students learn mathematics better by computers than by textbooks?... They direct our attention away from the serious social, intellectual, and institutional crisis that new media foster....

• Neil Postman, Technopoly: The Surrender of Culture to Technology, $1993$

Computer technology has changed drastically since $1993$ when Neil Postman wrote that passage. Which changes would you say are the most significant in terms of Postman's concerns at that time?

a. Personal computers are much smaller than they were in $1993$.

b. Personal computers are easier to repair than they were in $1993$.

c. The World Wide Web is freely available on personal computers.

d. Computer games are much more sophisticated than games such as Pong that were still played in $1993$.