In 1940, a psychologist conducted an experiment to study the effect of propaganda on attitude to ward a foreign government. He administered a test of attitude toward the German government to a group of American students. After the students read German propaganda for several months, he tested them again to see if their attitudes had changed. Unfortunately, Germany attacked and conquered France while the experiment was in progress. Explain clearly why confounding makes it impossible to determine the effect of reading the propaganda.

The cost of crude oil increases by 25 percent. Crude oil is the raw material used to produce plastic. What will this do to the supply curve for plastic toys?

Each week, the Gallup Poll surveys about 1500 adult U.S. residents to determine current opinions on a wide variety of issues. Identify the population and sample in this setting.

Use Cramer's Rule to solve each system of equations.

$$\left. \begin{array} { l } { - 8 a - 5 b = - 27 } \\ { 7 a + 6 b = 22 } \end{array} \right.$$

Jacque learned to speak Italian when she was in the first grade and was able to speak, read, and write Italian fairly well by the fourth grade. She moved to a new school system that did not have Italian as a choice for World Languages, so she decided to take Spanish. Sometimes she found herself saying and writing words in Italian as she completed her Spanish assignments. Often, she remembered the vocabulary in Italian before she said the word in Spanish. Sometimes she felt like knowing Italian helped her learn Spanish, but sometimes she thought it just confused her! When Jacque was in her Spanish classroom, she felt more at ease with the Spanish-language. When she went to a French restaurant, she was frustrated because the menu was unreadable to her. Use an example to show how each concept is related to Jacques's experiences. • Working memory • Explicit memory • Effortful processing • Context-dependent memory • Proactive interference Explain how these brain structures play a role in Jacques's memory processing. • Hippocampus • Amygdala

You are on the staff of a member of Congress who is considering a bill that would provide government-sponsored insurance for nursing-home care. You report that 1128 letters have been received on the issue, of which 871 oppose the legislation. "I'm surprised that most of my constituents oppose the bill. I thought it would be quite popular," says the congresswoman. Are you convinced that a majority of the voters oppose the bill? How would you explain the statistical issue to the congresswoman?

Is the following sentence true or false? The solubility of sodium chloride in water increases to 39.2 g per 100 g of water at

$$100 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C }$$

from 36.2 per 100 g of water at

$$25 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C }$$

.

What are the implications of proactive and retroactive interference for learning multiple foreign languages? Would earlier language training in a different language help or hinder learning a new language?

Noland bought a fancy new smart phone. It was a different brand of phone than his old phone, so he spent quite a few frustrating hours learning to use the new one. The problem was that he kept trying to tap icons on the new phone in the places they had been on his old phone. Noland’s problem was most likely due to

a. encoding failure.                         c. proactive interference. b. retroactive interference.           d. decay theory.

Which of the following is an example of proactive interference? a. You can’t recall your locker combination from sixth grade because your current locker combination interferes. b. You can’t recall your new cell phone number because your old number interferes. c. You can’t recall what you studied in first period because what you studied in fourth period interferes. d. You can’t recall what you studied on Monday because what you studied on Tuesday interferes. e. You can’t recall who won the state swim meet last year because the winner of this year’s meet interferes.

Shantel spent a year living abroad in Spain. During that time, her ability to read and speak Spanish grew tremendously. However, now, 2 years later, Shantel feels she can no longer travel there because she can barely remember a thing. Her problem is most likely due to

a. encoding failure.                     c. proactive interference. b. retroactive interference.        d. decay theory.

Muhammad has been in his school cafeteria hundreds of times. It is a large room, and there are nine free-standing pillars that support the roof. One day, to illustrate the nature of forgetting, Muhammad' s teacher asks him how many pillars there are in the cafeteria. Muhammad has difficulty answering the question, but finally replies that he thinks there are six pillars. What memory concept does this example illustrate? a. Storage decay. b. Retrograde amnesia. c. Proactive interference. d. Retroactive interference. e. Encoding failure.

Mave got a new car with the license plate "MAV-NUM1." She is asked by the school parking clerk what her number is but can only remember her old one, ''VANMOM1." Her inability to remember her new plate is most likely due to a. retroactive interference. b. mood congruency. c. proactive interference. d. anterograde amnesia. e. retrograde amnesia.

Solve the equation. Check your solution. -3 = z/(6 + 11)