In an experiment to test the effects of room temperature on test performance the independent variable is a. the scores on the test be fore the experiment begins. b. the scores on the test at the end of the experiment. c. whether the teacher was male or female. d. the temperature of the room. e. the style of test (multiple choice versus essay).

In an experiment to test the effects of room temperature on test performance the independent variable is

a. the scores on the test before the experiment begins.

b. the scores on the test at the end of the experiment.

c. whether the teacher was male or female.

d. the temperature of the room.

e. the style of test (multiple choice versus essay).

Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the strongest relationship between two variables? a. +0.30 b. +0.75 c. +1.3 d. -0.85 e. -0.05

Researchers have discovered that individuals with lower income levels report having fewer hours of total sleep. Therefore, a. income and sleep levels are positively correlated. b. income and sleep levels are negatively correlated. c. income and sleep levels are inversely correlated. d. income and sleep levels are not correlated. e. lower income levels cause individuals to have fewer hours of sleep.

Researchers are interested in finding out if voters are more likely to vote for congressional candidates who have more pleasant facial expressions. Starting at a random point, the researchers contact every hundredth person on the voter list to ask about candidate facial expressions. Which method are the researchers using in choosing the people they will call? a. Random sample. b. Periodic sample. c. Biased sample. d. Survey. e. Operational definition.

Which measure of central tendency is most influenced by outliers (data that is extremely different from other data in the set)? a. Mean b. Median c. Mode d. Standard deviation e. Histogram

Descriptive statistics _____, while inferential statistics _____. a. indicate the significance of the data; summarize the data. b. describe data from experiments; describe data from surveys and case studies. c. are measures of central tendency; are measures of variance. d. determine if data can be generalized to other populations; summarize data. e. summarize data; assess if data can be generalized.

\What is the range of the following: 12, 25, 33, 40, 80? a. 68 b. 98 c. 33 d. 38 e. 190

Which of the following describes the placebo effect? a. Students in art class are not told that their work will be evaluated for a scholarship. b. participants in an experiment do not know if they are in the experimental or control group. c. Participants in a drug study are given an inert pill instead of the drug and behave as though they are given the drug. d. Only females are chosen for a study, even though the population included males. e. Experiments manipulate one variable in a study but not any others.

Explain how the nature-nurture debate could be used to support each element of the biopsychosocial approach to explaining human behavior.

Jacob's parents are encouraging him not to major in psychology because they worry he might not want to spend his life around mentally ill people. Help Jacob explain to his parents that psychologists do other types of work. by describing the specific focuses of each of the following types of psychologists: • Educational psychologists • Industrial-organizational psychologists • Forensic psychologists • Community psychologist

Dr. Cheema is interested in studying the prevalence of cheating on exams at her local high school. Describe one disadvantage of using each of the following research methods to study this topic: • Case study • Naturalistic observation • Survey

In a normal distribution, what percentage of the scores in the distribution falls within one standard deviation on either side of the mean? a. 34 percent b. 40 percent c. 50 percent d. 68 percent e. 95 percent

What must a researcher do to fulfill the ethical principle of informed consent? a. Keep information about participant confidential. b. Provide financial compensation to the participants. c. Protect participants from potential harm. d. Provide participants with enough information about a study to enable a rational decision about whether to participate. e. Provide participants with a postexperimental explanation of the study.