In contrast to other early psychologists, Sigmund Freud gained his understanding of human behavior

A. in a laboratory.
B. in consultations with patients.
C. through systematic surveys.
D. through studies of the nervous system.

Use the appropriate abbreviation to convey correct information about the patient.

EEG $\quad$ CNS $\quad$ MRI $\quad$ CT $\quad$ ANS $\quad$ BBB $\quad$ CSF $\quad$ PNS $\quad$ UTI

The doctor has ordered the following diagnostic tests for the patient. (Hint: Which of the above abbreviations represent diagnostic tests?) $\rule{7cm}{0.15mm}$

Besides the neuron, the other main type of cell in the nervous system is the:

A) glial cell.

B) synaptic cell

C) nerve cell

D) somatic cell

E) myelin cell

Match the item with the most closely related item neuroglia a. cover CNS axons with myelin b. carry sensory information to the brain c. occurs along unmyelinated axons d. outermost covering of brain and spinal cord e. production of CSF f. supporting cells g. controls smooth and cardiac muscle, glands, and fat cells h. occurs along myelinated axons i. link between nervous and endocrine systems j. carry motor commands to spinal cord k. ef erent division of the PNS l. controls contractions of skeletal muscles m. masses of neuron cell bodies n. connects the brain to the spinal cord o. stretch ref ex p. af erent division of the PNS q. maintains muscle tone and posture r. “rest and digest” division s. opposing ef ects t. “fight or flight” division

Match the item with the most closely related item oligodendrocytes a. cover CNS axons with myelin b. carry sensory information to the brain c. occurs along unmyelinated axons d. outermost covering of brain and spinal cord e. production of CSF f. supporting cells g. controls smooth and cardiac muscle, glands, and fat cells h. occurs along myelinated axons i. link between nervous and endocrine systems j. carry motor commands to spinal cord k. ef erent division of the PNS l. controls contractions of skeletal muscles m. masses of neuron cell bodies n. connects the brain to the spinal cord o. stretch ref ex p. af erent division of the PNS q. maintains muscle tone and posture r. “rest and digest” division s. opposing ef ects t. “fight or flight” division

Which statement is NOT true about invertebrate animals?

a) Many invertebrate species live in a marine environment.

b) All major invertebrate groups arose from protistan ancestors.

c) Invertebrates lack a nervous system.

d) The vast majority of animal species are invertebrates.

e) Most animal phyla are invertebrates.

The stage of sleep known as rapid eye movement or REM sleep is characterized by atonia and myoclonic twitches in addition to the actual rapid movement of the eyes. Atonia is thought to be a protective mechanism as it:

a. Limits physical movements

b. Prevents nightmares

c. Enhances the dream state

d. Regulates the autonomic nervous system

Match the item with the most closely related item dual innervation a. cover CNS axons with myelin b. carry sensory information to the brain c. occurs along unmyelinated axons d. outermost covering of brain and spinal cord e. production of CSF f. supporting cells g. controls smooth and cardiac muscle, glands, and fat cells h. occurs along myelinated axons i. link between nervous and endocrine systems j. carry motor commands to spinal cord k. ef erent division of the PNS l. controls contractions of skeletal muscles m. masses of neuron cell bodies n. connects the brain to the spinal cord o. stretch ref ex p. af erent division of the PNS q. maintains muscle tone and posture r. “rest and digest” division s. opposing ef ects t. “fight or flight” division

Amphetamine is a powerful stimulant of the central nervous system.

(a) Which proton in amphetamine is most acidic?

(b) What products are made when amphetamine is treated with NaH?

(c) What products are made when amphetamine is treated with HCI?

Knowing that no matter where you practice nursing, many individuals under your care will be taking one psychotropic drug or another, how important is it for you to understand normal brain structure and function as they relate to mental disturbances and psychotropic drugs? Include the following in your answer:

How nurses can use the knowledge about how normal brain function (control of peripheral nerves, skeletal muscles, the autonomic nervous system, hormones, and circadian rhythms) can be affected by either psychotropic drugs or psychiatric illness

The autonomic nervous system primarily innervates all of the following, except $$ \\$A. adrenal gland $$ $$ B. smooth muscle in the walls of the aorta $$ $$ C. cardiac muscle in the right atrium $$ $$ D. skeletal muscle in the rectus abdominis $$ $E. parotid salivary gland.

Which is the priority nursing intervention for a client admitted for acute alcohol intoxication?

A. Darken the room to reduce stimuli in order to prevent seizures.

B. Assess aggressive behaviors in order to intervene to prevent injury to self or others.

C. Administer lorazepam (Ativan) to reduce the rebound effects on the central nervous system.

D. Teach the negative effects of alcohol on the body.

Intialing carbon monoxide reduces the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen. This can lead to brain damage. Which three systems of the body interact in this situation?

(1) digestive, respiratory, and circulatory

(2) immune, circulatory, and digestive

(3) respiratory, circulatory, and nervous

(4) excretory, nervous, and respiratory

Match the item with the most closely related item ascending tracts a. cover CNS axons with myelin b. carry sensory information to the brain c. occurs along unmyelinated axons d. outermost covering of brain and spinal cord e. production of CSF f. supporting cells g. controls smooth and cardiac muscle, glands, and fat cells h. occurs along myelinated axons i. link between nervous and endocrine systems j. carry motor commands to spinal cord k. ef erent division of the PNS l. controls contractions of skeletal muscles m. masses of neuron cell bodies n. connects the brain to the spinal cord o. stretch ref ex p. af erent division of the PNS q. maintains muscle tone and posture r. “rest and digest” division s. opposing ef ects t. “fight or flight” division