In Europe, nutritional information is given in kilojoules $(\mathrm{kJ})$ instead of nutritional calories (1 nutritional calorie $=$ $1 \mathrm{kcal})$. A packet of soup has the following nutritional information:

$$250 \mathrm{~mL} \text { of soup }=235 \mathrm{~kJ}$$

How would that same packet be labeled in the United States if the information has to be given in nutritional calories per cup? (There are $4.18$ joules in one calorie and 2 cups to a pint.)

A lap in most tracks in the United States is $0.25 \mathrm{mi}$ (English lap). In most countries that use the metric system, a metric lap is $0.40 \mathrm{~km}$. A champion marathon runner covers a mile in about $5.0 \mathrm{~min}$. How many minutes will the runner take to run an English lap? A metric lap?

Convert each of the following energy units: $2550$ $cal$ to $kJ$

Cholesterol in blood is measured in milligrams of cholesterol per deciliter of blood. If the unit of measurement were changed to grams of cholesterol per milliliter of blood, what would a cholesterol reading of $185 \mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{dL}$ translate to?

The energy equivalent of a certain cheeseburger is approximately $\ce{525 Cal}$. Since $\ce{1 Cal}$ is $\ce{4.184 kJ}$ this corresponds to:

a) $\ce{1.25 kJ}$

b) $\ce{125 kJ}$

c) $\ce{220 kJ}$

d) $\ce{2200 kJ}$

Convert each of the following energy units: $28$ $cal$ to $J$

What instrument would you use to determine (a) the mass of a head of lettuce? (b) whether your refrigerator is cooling water to $10^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ ? (c) the volume of a glass of orange juice?

The area of the 48 contiguous states is $3.02 \times 10^6 \mathrm{mi}^2$. Assume that these states are completely flat (no mountains and no valleys). What volume, in liters, would cover these states with a rainfall of two inches?

Calculate the energy to heat three cubes (gold, aluminum, and silver) each with a volume of $10\text{cm}^{3}$ from $15\degree\text{C}$ to $25\degree\text{C}$. Refer to previous tables. What do you notice about the energy needed for each?

A hot-water bottle contains $725 \mathrm{~g}$ of water at $65^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. If the water cools to body temperature $\left(37^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right)$, how many kilojoules of heat could be transferred to sore muscles?

Some states have reduced the legal limit for alcohol sobriety from $0.10 \%$ to $0.080 \%$ alcohol by volume in blood plasma (a) How many milliliters of alcohol are in $3.0 \mathrm{qt}$ of blood plasma at the lower legal limit? (b) How many milliliters of alcohol are in $3.0 \mathrm{qt}$ of blood plasma at the higher legal limit? (c) How much less alcohol is in $3.0 \mathrm{qt}$ of blood plasma with the reduced sobriety level?

The estimated number of navigation systems (in millions) sold in North America, Europe, and Japan from 2002 through 2006 follow. Here t=0 corresponds to 2002.

$$\begin{array}{lccccc} \hline \text { Systems Installed, } y & 3.9 & 4.7 & 5.8 & 6.8 & 7.8 \\ \hline \text { Year, } t & 0 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 \\ \hline \end{array}$$

Plot the annual sales (y) versus the year (t).

Define bacteriology, mycology, parasitology, immunology, and virology.

Classify the following as solution or heterogeneous mixture. (a) wine (b) gasoline (c) batter for chocolate chip cookies