In Great Britain during the 1800 s political and social reforms changed people's lives for the better.

In an essay, analyze the causes and effects of British reforms during the 1800 s. To provide support for your essay, use specific examples from the chapter and from other research sources if needed.

The Journal of Consumer Research (Aug. 2011) published a study demonstrating the "last name" effect- i.e., the tendency for consumers with last names that begin with a later letter of the alphabet to purchase an item before consumers with last names that begin with earlier letters. To facilitate the analysis, the researchers assigned a number, x, to each consumer based on the first letter of the consumer's last name. For example, last names beginning with "A" were assigned x = 1, last names beginning with "B" were assigned x = 2, and last names beginning with "Z" were assigned x = 26. Do you believe the probability distribution in part a is realistic? Explain. How might you go about estimating the true probability distribution for x?

Thirty-four customers at Starbucks either ordered coffee (C) or did not order coffee (X).

Research question: At $\alpha = .05$, is the sequence random?

$$C X C X C C C C X X X X C X C X C X C C C X C X C C X C X X X C C X$$

Select one of the following agencies to research: Federal Communications Commission, Federal Reserve board, Federal Trade Commission, Food and Drug Administration, or Internal Revenue Service. Write a one-page report on the agency and what it does. Explain how the agency impacts economic, market, and employment trends.

About 8% of males are colorblind. A researcher needs some colorblind subjects for an experiment and begins checking potential subjects. On average, how many men should the researcher expect to check to find one who is colorblind?

The CEO of a company that owns five resort hotels wants to evaluate and compare satisfaction with the five hotels. The company's research department randomly sampled 125 people who had stayed at any of the hotels during the past month and asked them to rate their expectations of the hotel before their stay and to rate the quality of the actual stay at the hotel. Both observations used a rating scale of 0-10, with 0 = very poor and 10 = excellent. The researchers compared the hotels on the gap between prior expectation and actual quality, using the difference score, y = performance gap = (prior expectation score - actual quality score).

State the null and alternative hypotheses for conducting an ANOVA.

Suppose 200 different researchers all randomly select samples of n = 400 individuals from a population. Each researcher uses his or her sample to compute a 95% confidence interval for the proportion who have blue eyes in the population. About how many of the confidence intervals will cover the population proportion? About how many of the intervals will not cover the population proportion? Briefly explain how you determined your answers.

Refer to the Development Psychology (Mar. 2003) study of the behavior of elementary school children. The researchers used a quadratic equation to model the level (y) of aggressive fantasies experienced by a child as. a function of the child's age (x). [Note: Level y was measured as an average of responses to six questions (e.g., "Do you sometimes have daydreams about hitting or hurting someone you don't like?"). Responses were measured on a scale ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (always).] a. Write the equation of the hypothesized model for E(y). b. Research psychologists theorized that a child's aggressive fantasies increase with age but at a slower rate of acceleration in older children. Sketch the curve hypothesized by the researchers. c. Set up $H_0$ and $H_a$ for testing the researchers' theory. d. The model was fitted to data collected for over 11,000 elementary school children, with the following results: $\hat{y}=1.926+.097 x-.003 x^{2}$, standard error of $\hat{\beta}_{2}=.001$. Compute the test statistic for the test you set up in part c. e. Use the result you found in part d to make the appropriate conclusion. Take $\alpha=.05$.

A study claims that all adults spend an average of 14 hours or more on chores during a weekend. A researcher wanted to check if this claim is true. This researcher's random sample of 200 adults revealed that these adults put in an average of $14.65$ per hour on housework over the course of a weekend. The $3.00$ hour population standard deviation is well known. a. The alternative hypothesis is that all adults spend more than 14 hours on housework on the weekends. Calculate the $p$-value for the hypothesis test with this alternative hypothesis. At $\alpha=.01$, will you reject the null hypothesis? b. Test the hypothesis of part a using the critical-value approach and $\alpha=.01$.

Although founded only in $2004$, Facebook has more than $500$ million active users, of which 50% log on to Facebook on any given day. In a recent survey by Facebook, young users (those born after 1984) were asked about their preference for delivering the news about breaking up a relationship (The Wall Street Journal, November 27-28, 2010). One of the shocking results was that only 47% of users preferred to break the news in person. A researcher decides to verify the survey results of Facebook by taking her own sample of $200$ young Facebook users. The preference percentages from Facebook and the researcher's survey are presented in the following table.

$$\begin{array}{|l|c|c|} \hline \begin{array}{l} \text { Delivery } \\ \text { Method } \end{array} & \begin{array}{c} \text { Facebook } \\ \text { Results } \end{array} & \begin{array}{c} \text { Researcher's } \\ \text { Results } \end{array} \\ \hline \text { In Person } & 47 \% & 55 \% \\ \hline \text { Phone } & 30 \% & 28 \% \\ \hline \text { Email } & 4 \% & 8 \% \\ \hline \text { Facebook } & 5 \% & 3 \% \\ \hline \text { Instant Message } & 14 \% & 6 \% \\ \hline \end{array}$$

At the 5% level of significance, test if the researcher's results are inconsistent with the survey results conducted by Facebook. Provide the details, using the $p$-value approach.

Research an example of how decreased market demand for a product has affected its price. Why did demand decrease? Did the product become unnecessary or obsolete? Did the producer or its competitors offer a newer or better version? How did sellers try to increase demand for the product?

The Employment and Training Administration reported that the U.S. mean unemployment insurance benefit was $\$238$ per week (The World Almanac, 2003). A researcher in the state of Virginia anticipated that sample data would show evidence that the mean weekly unemployment insurance benefit in Virginia was below the national average.

a. Develop appropriate hypotheses such that rejection of $\ H_0$ will support the researcher’s contention.

b. For a sample of 100 individuals, the sample mean weekly unemployment insurance benefit was $\$231$ with a sample standard deviation of $80. What is the p-value?

c. At$\alpha$ =.05, what is your conclusion?

d. Repeat the preceding hypothesis test using the critical value approach.

In each of the statements provided, fill in the blanks with one of the following: hypothesis, dependent variable, independent variable, internal validity, external validity, or confound. A researcher's guess about what a study might find is labeled the ____________ .

To minimize potential risks of harm, a researcher conducting an online survey can: