In some proteins, the side chain of serine appears to undergo ionization. Explain why ionization would be facilitated by the presence of an aspartate residue nearby.

Solve. Find the cost per mile to the nearest cent. (No mileage charge)

$$\begin{array}{|c c c c c c c c c c c|} \hline \small\textbf{(Rental Cost}& + & \small\textbf{Gasoline Cost} & = & \small\textbf{Total Cost)} & \div & \small\textbf{Miles} & = & \small\textbf{Cost per}\\ & & & & & & \small\textbf{Driven} & & \small\textbf{Mile}\\ \hline (\$199.95 & + & \$74.39 & = & ? ) & \div & 646 &= &?\\ \hline \end{array}$$

(a) Distinguish between temperature and heat. (b) Distinguish between heat and thermal energy.

Proteins vary widely in structure, whereas nucleic acids have rather uniform structures. How do you account for this major difference?

Choose the letter of the best answer. Which of the following nutrients provides the most energy for the body? A. fats B. proteins C. carbohydrates D. vitamins

Discuss the reasons proteins were generally favored over DNA as the genetic material before 1940 . What was the role of the tetranucleotide hypothesis in this controversy?

The $\textit{heat capacity}$, $C$, of an object is defined as the amount of heat needed to raise its temperature by $1$ C$\degree$. Thus, to raise the temperature by $\Delta T$ requires heat $Q$ given by

$$Q=C \Delta T.$$

(a) Write the heat capacity $C$ in terms of the specific heat, $c$, of the material. (b) What is the heat capacity of $1$ kg of water? (c) Of $50$ kg of water?

If the initiation codon for proteins is AUG, how do you account for the case of a protein that does not include methionine as its first amino acid?

TFIIB appears to interact with proteins that bind to sequences at the $3^{\prime}$ end of genes. Explain how this interaction could enhance transcription of a gene.

WBM Motorworks is a manufacturer of high-end touring and off-road motorcycles. On November 30, the company was sued by a customer who was injured when the front shock absorber on the WBM Series 3 motorcycle cracked during use. The company conducted a preliminary investigation into the matter during December and found evidence of a manufacturing defect in the shock absorber. While it is uncertain whether the manufacturing defect is the source of the product failure, the company has voluntarily recalled the front shock absorbers on the Series 3 motorcycles. The company is uncertain how the lawsuit will be resolved. Similar lawsuits against other manufacturers have been settled for approximately $2,000,000.

Write a brief memo to the president of WBM Motorworks, U. D. Mach III, discussing how the lawsuit might be reported in the financial statements.

Why do channel proteins often fold with non-polar R groups to the channel's exterior and polar R groups to its interior?

When heat transfers into a system, is the energy stored as heat? Explain briefly.

A Carnot heat engine receives heat from a reservoir at $1700^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$ at a rate of 700 Btu/min and rejects the waste heat to the ambient air at $80^{\circ} \mathrm{F}.$The entire work output of the heat engine is used to drive a refrigerator that removes heat from the refrigerated space at $20^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$ and transfers it to the same ambient air at $80^\circ F.$ Determine (a) the maximum rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space and (b) the total rate of heat rejection to the ambient air.

Why do microwave ovens heat food, but tend not to heat the dish the food is on?