In some states, a driver of a vehicle may not use a handheld cell phone while driving. In one state with this law, 250 randomly selected drivers were surveyed to determine the association between drivers who know the law and drivers who obey the law. The results are shown in the table below.

$$\begin{array}{c} \\ \qquad \qquad \text{Knows the Law} \\ \begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|} \hline \text { Obeys the Law } & \text { Yes } & \text { No } & \text { Total } \\ \hline \text { Yes } & 160= & 45= & \\ \hline \text { No } & 25= & 20= & \\ \hline \text { Total } & & & \\ \hline \end{array} \end{array}$$

What is the relative frequency of drivers who know and obey the law?

A 3 categories-by-3 categories two-way frequency table has a row with 2 numbers, and no row or column totals. Can you fill the row?

Natalie surveyed some teenagers and adults on whether they prefer standard cars, vans, or convertibles. Her results are in the following table. Complete the table.

$$\begin{array}{|c|ccc|c|} \hline \text { } & \text { Preferred } & \text { Car } & \text { Type } & \text { } \\ \hline \text { Age } & \text { Standard } & \text { Van } & \text { Convertible } & \text { Total } \\ \hline \text { Adults } & 10 & 25 & 9 & \\ \hline \text { Teenagers } & 11 & 7 & 24 & \\ \hline \text { Total } & & & & \\ \hline \end{array}$$

How can you use two-way frequency data to recognize possible associations between the two categories of categorical data?

The results of a survey of 45 students and the foreign language they are studying are shown in the two-way frequency table.

$$\begin{array}{c} \\ \text{Language} \\ \begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline \text { Gender } & \text { Chinese } & \text { French } & \text { Spanish } & \text { Total } \\ \hline \text { Girl } & 2 & 8 & 15 & 25 \\ \hline \text { Boy } & 4 & 4 & 12 & 20 \\ \hline \text { Total } & 6 & 12 & 27 & 45 \\ \hline \end{array} \end{array}$$

What fraction of the surveyed students are taking Chinese?

What does it mean to say there is an association between characteristics in a two-way frequency table?

Luis surveyed some middle school and high school students about the type of music they prefer. Complete the table.

$$\scriptstyle\begin{array}{|c|ccc|c|} \hline \text { } & \text { } & \text { Preferred Music } & \text { } & \text { } \\ \hline \text { School Level } & \text { Country } & \text { Pop } & \text { Other } & \text { Total } \\ \hline \text { Middle School } & 18 & 13 & 23 & \\ \hline \text { High School } & 7 & 32 & 15 & \\ \hline \text { Total } & & & & \\ \hline \end{array}$$

You are making a two-way frequency table of 5 fruit preferences among a survey sample of girls and boys. What are the dimensions of the table you would make? How many entries would you need to fill the table with frequencies and totals?

Use the table of frequency data.

$$\scriptstyle\begin{array}{c} \\ \text{Class Survey of Favorite Colors} \\ \begin{array}{|l|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline \text { Favorite Color } & \text { Red } & \text { Orange } & \text { Yellow } & \text { Green } & \text { Blue } & \text { Purple } & \text { Total } \\ \hline \text { Frequency } & 2 & 5 & 1 & 6 & 8 & 2 & 24 \\ \hline \end{array} \end{array}$$

Complete the relative frequency table for this data using decimals rounded to the nearest thousandth.

$$\scriptstyle\begin{array}{c} \\ \text{Class Survey of Favorite Colors} \\ \begin{array}{|l|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline \text { Favorite Color } & \text { Red } & \text { Orange } & \text { Yellow } & \text { Green } & \text { Blue } & \text { Purple } & \text { Total } \\ \hline \text { Relative Frequency } & & & & & & & \\ \hline \end{array} \end{array}$$

Look at each variable. Is the variable best represented by categorical data? Choose Yes or No for each variable. A. Favorite song B. Car color C. Weight

Identify whether the given data is categorical or quantitative. gold medal, silver medal, bronze medal ______ 100 m, 200 m, 400 m _____

Complete the two-way frequency table. Interpret the meaning of the number in the starred cell of the table.

$$\begin{array}{c} \\ \qquad \qquad\text{Preferred Mode of Transportation} \\ \begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline \text { Age } & \text { Bike } & \text { Car } & \text { Bus } & \text { Total } \\ \hline \text { Adults } & 25 & 3 & 12 & \\ \hline \text { Teenagers } & 5 & 28 & 12 & \\ \hline \text { Total } & & & & \\ \hline \end{array} \end{array}$$

A researcher surveyed 135 people, 85 females and 50 males. The researcher asked each person which of the following types of movies they preferred: action, comedy, or drama. Complete the table.

$$\begin{array}{c}\\ \text{Favorite Type of Movie} \\ \begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline \text { Gender } & \text { Action } & \text { Comedy } & \text { Drama } & \text { Total } \\ \hline \text { Female } & 35 & & 18 & \\ \hline \text { Male } & 12 & 28 & & \\ \hline \text { Total } & & & 28 & \\ \hline \end{array} \end{array}$$

Provide the definition of the second law of thermodynamics. How does the second law explain why heat travels from a substance at higher temperature to one at lower temperature?