In the Aloha state, you are very unlikely to be murdered! However, it is considerably more likely that your house might be burgled, your car might be stolen, or you might be punched in the nose. That said, Hawaii is still a great place to vacation or, if you are very lucky, to live. The following numbers represent the crime rates per 100,000 population in Hawaii: murder, 2.6; rape, 33.4; robbery, 93.3; house burglary, 911.6; motor vehicle theft, 550.7; assault, 125.3 (Source: Crime in the United States, U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation). Display this information in a Pareto chart, showing the crime rate for each category.

In the Aloha state, you are very unlikely to be murdered! However, it is considerably more likely that your house might be burgled, your car might be stolen, or you might be punched in the nose. That said, Hawaii is still great place for a vacation or, if you are very lucky, to live. The following numbers represent the crime rates per 100,000 population in Hawaii: murder, 2.6; rape, 33.4; robbery, 93.3; house burglary, 911.6; motor vehicle theft, 550.7; assault, 125.3. (b) Could the information as reported be displayed as a circle graph? Explain. Hint: Other forms of crime, such as arson, are not included in the information. In addition, some crimes might occur together.

Pyramid Lake, Nevada, is described as the pride of the Paiute Indian Nation. It is a beautiful desert lake famous for very large trout. The elevation of the lake surface (feet above sea level) varies according to the annual flow of the Truckee River from Lake Tahoe. The U.S. Geological Survey provided the following data:

$$\scriptstyle\begin{array}{l|cc|cc|c} \hline \text { Year } & \text { Elevation } & \text { Year } & \text { Elevation } & \text { Year } & \text { Elevation } \\ \hline 1986 & 3817 & 1992 & 3798 & 1998 & 3811 \\ 1987 & 3815 & 1993 & 3797 & 1999 & 3816 \\ 1988 & 3810 & 1994 & 3795 & 2000 & 3817 \\ 1989 & 3812 & 1995 & 3797 & & \\ 1990 & 3808 & 1996 & 3802 & & \\ 1991 & 3803 & 1997 & 3807 & & \\ \hline \end{array}$$

Make a time-series graph displaying the data.

Many people say the civil justice system is overburdened. Many cases center on suits involving businesses. The following data are based on a Wall Street Journal report. Researchers conducted a study of lawsuits involving 1908 businesses ranked in the Fortune 1000 over a 20-year period. They found the following distribution of civil justice caseloads brought before the federal courts involving the businesses:

$$\begin{array}{l|c} \hline \text { Case Type } & \begin{array}{c} \text { Number of Filings } \\ \text { (in thousands) } \end{array} \\ \hline \text { Contracts } & 107 \\ \text { General torts (personal injury) } & 191 \\ \text { Asbestos liability } & 49 \\ \text { Other product liability } & 38 \\ \text { All other } & 21 \\ \hline \end{array}$$

Note: Contracts cases involve disputes over contracts between businesses. Make a pie chart showing the percentage of cases of each type.

A survey of 1000 adults (reported in USA Today) uncovered some interesting housekeeping secrets. When unexpected company comes, where do we hide the mess? The survey showed that 68% of the respondent s toss their mess into the closet, 23% shove things under the bed, 6% put things into the bathtub,and 3% put the mess into the freezer. Make a circle graph to display this information.

Driving would be more pleasant if we didn't have to put up with the bad habits of other drivers. USA Today reported the results of a Valvoline Oil Company survey of 500 drivers, in which the drivers marked their complaints about other drivers. The top complaints turned out to be tailgating, marked by 22% of the respondents; not using turn signals, marked by 19%; being cut off, marked by 16%; other drivers driving too slowly, marked by 11%; and other drivers being inconsiderate, marked by 8%. Make a Pareto chart showing percentage of drivers listing each stated complaint. Could this information as reported be put in a circle graph? Why or why not?

The American Medical Association Center for Health Policy Research, in its publication State Health Care Data: Utilization, Spending, Characteristics included data, by state, on the number of community hospitals and the average patient stay (in days). The data are shown in the table. Make a stem-and-leaf display of the data for the average length of stay in days. Comment about the genera l shape of the distribution.

$$\begin{matrix} \text{State} & \text{No. of Hospitals} & \text{Averege length of Stay} & \text{State} & \text{No. of Hospitals} & \text{Averege length of Stay} & \text{State} & \text{No.of Hospitals} & \text{Averege length of Stay}\\ \text{Alabama} & \text{119} & \text{7.0} & \text{Kentucky} & \text{107} & \text{6.9} & \text{New Mexico} & \text{37} & \text{5.5}\\ \text{Alaska} & \text{16} & \text{5.7} & \text{Louisiana} & \text{136} & \text{6.7} & \text{Oregon} & \text{66} & \text{5.3}\\ \text{Arizona} & \text{61} & \text{5.5} & \text{Maine} & \text{38} & \text{7.2} & \text{Ohio} & \text{193} & \text{6.6}\\ \text{Arkansas} & \text{88} & \text{7.0} & \text{Maryland} & \text{51} & \text{6.8} & \text{Oklahoma} & \text{113} & \text{6.7}\\ \text{Califomia} & \text{440} & \text{6.0} & \text{Massachusetts} & \text{101} & \text{7} & \text{Pennsylvania} & \text{236} & \text{7.5}\\ \text{Colorado} & \text{71} & \text{6.8} & \text{Michigan} & \text{175} & \text{7.3} & \text{Rhode Island} & \text{12} & \text{6.9}\\ \text{Connecticut} & \text{35} & \text{7.4} & \text{Minnesota} & \text{148} & \text{8.7} & \text{S. Carolina} & \text{68} & \text{7.1}\\ \text{Delaware} & \text{8} & \text{6.8} & \text{Mississippi} & \text{102} & \text{7.2} & \text{S. Dakota} & \text{52} & \text{10.3}\\ \text{Dist of Columbia} & \text{11} & \text{7.5} & \text{Missouri} & \text{133} & \text{7.4} & \text{Tennessee} & \text{122} & \text{6.8}\\ \text{Florida} & \text{227} & \text{7.0} & \text{Montana} & \text{53} & \text{10} & \text{Texas} & \text{421} & \text{6.2}\\ \text{Georgia} & \text{162} & \text{7.2} & \text{N. Carolina} & \text{117} & \text{7.3} & \text{Utah} & \text{42} & \text{5.2}\\ \text{Hawaii} & \text{19} & \text{9.4} & \text{N. Dakota} & \text{47} & \text{11.1} & \text{Vermont} & \text{15} & \text{7.6}\\ \text{ldaho} & \text{41} & \text{7.1} & \text{Nebraska} & \text{90} & \text{9.6} & \text{Virginia} & \text{98} & \text{7}\\ \text{Indiana} & \text{113} & \text{6.6} & \text{Nevada} & \text{21} & \text{6.4} & \text{Washington} & \text{92} & \text{5.6}\\ \text{Ilinois} & \text{209} & \text{7.3} & \text{New Hampshire} & text{27} & \text{7} & \text{W. Virginia} & \text{59} & \text{7.1}\\ \text{lowa} & \text{123} & \text{8.4} & \text{New York} & \text{23} & \text{9.9} & \text{Wisconsin} & \text{129} & \text{7.3}\\ \text{Kansas} & \text{133} & \text{7.8} & \text{New Jersey} & \text{96} & \text{7.6} & \text{Wyoming} & \text{27} & \text{8.5}\\ \end{matrix}$$

Use the data in the table to make a stem-and-leaf display for milligrams of nicotine per cigarette smoked. In this case, truncate the measurements at the tenths position and use two lines per stem. $$ \begin{array}{llcc} \hline \text { Brand } & \text { Tar } & \text { Nicotine } & \text { CO } \\ \hline \text { Alpine } & 14.1 & 0.86 & 13.6 \\ \text { Benson & Hedges } & 16.0 & 1.06 & 16.6 \\ \text { Bull Durham } & 29.8 & 2.03 & 23.5 \\ \text { Camel Lights } & 8.0 & 0.67 & 10.2 \\ \text { Carlton } & 4.1 & 0.40 & 5.4 \\ \text { Chesterfield } & 15.0 & 1.04 & 15.0 \\ \text { Golden Lights } & 8.8 & 0.76 & 9.0 \\ \text { Kent } & 12.4 & 0.95 & 12.3 \\ \text { Kool } & 16.6 & 1.12 & 16.3 \\ \text { L&M } & 14.9 & 1.02 & 15.4 \\ \text { Lark Lights } & 13.7 & 1.01 & 13.0 \\ \text { Marlboro } & 15.1 & 0.90 & 14.4 \\ \text { Merit } & 7.8 & 0.57 & 10.0 \end{array} $$ $$ \begin{array}{lccc} \hline \text { Brand } & \text { Tar } & \text { Nicotine } & \text { CO } \\ \hline \text { MultiFiter } & 11.4 & 0.78 & 10.2 \\ \text { Newport Lights } & 9.0 & 0.74 & 9.5 \\ \text { Now } & 1.0 & 0.13 & 1.5 \\ \text { Old Cold } & 17.0 & 1.26 & 18.5 \\ \text { Pall Mall Lights } & 12.8 & 1.08 & 12.6 \\ \text { Raleigh } & 15.8 & 0.96 & 17.5 \\ \text { Salem Ultra } & 4.5 & 0.42 & 4.9 \\ \text { Tareyton } & 14.5 & 1.01 & 15.9 \\ \text { True } & 7.3 & 0.61 & 8.5 \\ \text { Viceroy Rich Light } & 8.6 & 0.69 & 10.6 \\ \text { Virginia Slims } & 15.2 & 1.02 & 13.9 \\ \text { Winston Lights } & 12.0 & 0.82 & 14.9 \end{array} $$

Commercial dredging operations in ancient rivers occasionally uncover archaeological artifacts of great importance. One such artifact is Bronze Age spearheads recovered from ancient rivers in Ireland. A recent study gave the following information regarding discoveries of ancient bronze spearheads in Irish rivers.

$$\begin{matrix} \text{River} & \text{Bann} & \text{Blackwater} & \text{Erne} & \text{Shannon} & \text{Barrow}\\ \text{No. of Spearheads} & \text{19} & \text{8} & \text{15} & \text{33} & \text{14}\\ \end{matrix}$$

Make a circle graph for these data.

The U.S. Open Golf Tournament was played at Congressional Country Club, Bethesda, Maryland, with prizes ranging from $465,000$ for first place to $5000. Par for the course was 70. The tournament consisted of four rounds played on different days. The scores for each round of the 32 players who placed in the money (more than$17,000) were given on a web site. The scores for the first round were as follows:

$$\begin{aligned} &\begin{array}{ccccccccccc} 71 & 65 & 67 & 73 & 74 & 73 & 71 & 71 & 74 & 73 & 71 \\ 70 & 75 & 71 & 72 & 71 & 75 & 75 & 71 & 71 & 74 & 75 \end{array}\\ &66 \quad 75 \quad 75 \quad 75 \quad 71 \quad 72 \quad 72 \quad 73 \quad 71 \quad 67 \end{aligned}$$

The scores for the fourth round for these players were as follows:

$$\begin{array}{rrrrrrrrrrr} 69 & 69 & 73 & 74 & 72 & 72 & 70 & 71 & 71 & 70 & 72 \\ 73 & 73 & 72 & 71 & 71 & 71 & 69 & 70 & 71 & 72 & 73 \\ 74 & 72 & 71 & 68 & 69 & 70 & 69 & 71 & 73 & 74 & \end{array}$$

Make a stem-and-leaf display for the first-round scores. Use two lines per stem.

Many people say the civil justice system is overburdened. Many cases center on suits involving businesses. The following data are based on a Wall Street Journal report. Researchers conducted a study of lawsuits involving 1908 businesses ranked in the Fortune 1000 over a 20-year period. They found the following distribution of civil justice caseloads brought before the federal courts involving the businesses:

$$\scriptstyle\begin{matrix} & \text{Case Type} & \text{Number of Filings (in thousands)}\\ & \text{Contracts } & \text{107}\\ & \text{GeneraL torts (personal injury)} & \text{191}\\ & \text{Asbestos liability} & \text{49}\\ & \text{Other product liability } & \text{38}\\ & \text{All Other} & \text{21}\\ \end{matrix}$$

Make a Pareto chart of the caseloads. Which type of cases occur most frequently?

Consider the graph of Reasons People Like Texting on Cell Phones, based on a GfK Roper survey of 1000 adults.

Could the same information be displayed in a circle graph? Explain.

Let A be the area of the region in the first quadrant bounded by the graph of $y=\cot x$ from $x=\frac{\pi}{4}$ to $x=\frac{\pi}{2}$. (a) Find a. (b) Find the volume of the solid of revolution generated by revolving the region about the x-axis.

Find the circumference of the circle. Round to the nearest tenth. diameter = 5.1 mm