In the stereotypes-and-athletes study, who was the control group?

a. those students who completed the survey prior to the intelligence test b. those students who completed the survey after the intelligence test c. those students who were not asked to complete the intelligence test d. those students who did not take part in the study at all

The famous study of Phineas Gage, who survived when a metal rod pierced his skull, is an example of a a. laboratory experiment c. case study b. correlation d. survey

Double-blind studies control for ________.

A famous golfer advertises a new golf bracelet that helps minimize fatigue while playing. If Bethany decides to order the bracelet because she believes that such a well-known personality should know if it works or not, she has made an error in which of the following?

a. Few “truths” do not need to be tested. b. All evidence is not equal in quality. c. Authority or expertise does not make the claims of the authority or expert true. d. Critical thinking requires an open mind.

Double-blind studies control for

a. the placebo effect. b. the experimenter effect. c. the placebo effect and the experimenter effect. d. extrinsic motivation.

Brianne wants to find an explanation for the behavior of her lab rats in her study. Which step in the scientific approach is she currently focusing on?

a. testing a hypothesis b. perceiving the question c. drawing conclusions d. reporting her results

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John has played his music loudly for years. Now, in his 20s, he finds he has a continuous ringing in both of his ears. What would John probably be diagnosed with?

a. Tinnitus, which is a nerve-based disorder that has no permanent cure. b. Conduction-based hearing impairment; however, hearing aids may be able to help. c. Damage to the pinna, which can be corrected with surgery. d. Regardless of the disorder, John will ultimately require a cochlear implant.

A researcher wants to study the effects of texting on driving. Students in Group A drive a car in a computer game and see how many virtual accidents they have. Students in Group B are asked to drive the same virtual car but they must respond to and send at least three texts. The number of virtual accidents is measured for each group. What is the independent variable?

a. the virtual car b. texting c. the number of virtual accidents d. the group assignment

Which step in the scientific approach is derived from the goal of description?

a. reporting your results b. perceiving a question c. drawing conclusions d. forming a hypothesis

Athletes who had suffered hamstring injuries were randomly assigned to one of two exercise programs. Those who engaged in static stretching returned to sports activity in a mean of 15.2 days faster than those assigned to a program of agility and trunk stabilization exercises. (Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy 34 [March 2004]: 3) There was no control group consisting of athletes who did not participate in a special exercise program. Explain the advantage of including such a group.

A researcher finds that as her subjects increased the number of hours they spent exercising, the overall weight of her subjects decreased. This would be an example of a $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$correlation.

a. positive b. negative c. zero d. causal

Which psychologist dared to ignore the whole consciousness issue and return to a study of scientific inquiry by focusing on observable behavior?

a. Ivan Pavlov b. John Watson c. Sigmund Freud d. William James

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