John Maynard Keynes was the first to demonstrate how governmental policy may be used to alter total output and avert recessions through economic stabilisation. Describe the state of the global economy at the time Keynes wrote. Describe the state of the American economy now. What initiatives were put forth by the presidential contenders in the 2008 election to avert or reverse a 2008–2009 recession? From John Maynard Keynes' perspective, were the acts taken appropriate? Did they produce the intended results?

Global Airlines randomly chose 10 passengers from today's 9 a.m. Chicago-Tampa trip as part of their customer service programme. Each sampling traveller will be questioned on the services, amenities, and other aspects of the airport. Each passenger received a number when they boarded the aircraft in order to choose the sample. The range of numbers ranged from 001 to 250. What other way could a random sample be selected from the 250 passengers?

A Pew Research Center poll included 1708 randomly selected adults who were asked whether "global warming is a problem that requires immediate government action." Results showed that 939 of those surveyed indicated that immediate government action is required. A news reporter wants to determine whether these survey results constitute strong evidence that the majority (more than 50% ) of people believe that immediate government action is required.

a. What is the best estimate of the percentage of adults who believe that immediate government action is required?

Sunspots alter the amount of energy Earth gets from the Sun, but not enough to impact global climate change, a new study suggests. The Sun's role in global warming has long been a matter of debate and is likely to remain a contentious topic.Scientists have pondered the link between the Sun and Earth's climate since the time of Galileo. There has been an intuitive perception that the Sun's variable degree of brightness-the coming and going of sunspots for instance-might have an impact on climate. Most climate models already incorporate the effects of the Sun's waxing and waning power on Earth's weather. The number of spots cycles over time, reaching a peak every 11 years, but sunspotdriven changes to the Sun's power are too small to account for the climatic changes observed in historical data. The difference in brightness between the high point of a sunspot cycle and its low point is less than $0.1$ percent of the Sun's total output.

Approximately how much does a sunspot cycle change the energy output of the Sun?

A. 11 percent

B. $1.0$ percent

C. $0.1$ percent

D. $0.01$ percent

If all the ice on West Antarctica was melted, how much would it cause global sea level to rise? If you do not remember the approximate size of this rise, the volume of ice is $3,000,000 \mathrm{~km} 3$ and the surface area of the world's ocean is $361,000,000 \mathrm{~km} 2$.

A. less than 1 centimeter

B. 1 to 10 centimeters

C. 10 centimeters to 1 meter

D. 1 meter to 10 meters

E. more than 100 meters

Rubisco and the Composition of the Atmosphere

N. E. Tolbert has argued that the dual specificity of rubisco for $\mathrm{CO}_2$ and $\mathrm{O}_2$ is not simply a leftover from evolution in a lowoxygen environment. He suggests that the relative activities of the carboxylase and oxygenase activities of rubisco actually have set, and now maintain, the ratio of $\mathrm{CO}_2$ to $\mathrm{O}_2$ in the earth's atmosphere. Discuss the pros and cons of this hypothesis, in molecular terms and in global terms. How does the existence of $\mathrm{C}_4$ organisms bear on the hypothesis?

With the increase in multinational corporations, many American citizens are interacting more and more with different cultures in other countries. Imagine that you and a partner have set up a multinational corporation that operates in the global economy. Select a country and use the Internet to research its culture in relation to business protocol. Use the information to create a report that lists procedures and key words your employees will need to know in order to properly conduct business in the country. Share your findings with the members of your class.

A meteorologist preparing a talk about global warming compiled a list of weekly low temperatures (in degrees Fahrenheit) he observed at his southern Florida home last year. The coldest temperature for any week was

$$36 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { F }$$

, but he inadvertently recorded the Celsius value of

$$2 ^ { \circ }$$

. Assuming that he correctly listed all the other temperatures, explain how this error will affect these summary statistics: measures of spread: range, IQR, and standard deviation.

Each of the following functions is periodic. Use a graphing calculator or a CAS to plot the graph of each of the following functions over one full period with the center of the interval located at the origin. Determine the coordinates of any of the global extrema and any inflection points. You should be able to give answers that are accurate to at least one decimal place.

(a) $f(x)=2 \sin x+\cos ^2 x$

(b) $f(x)=2 \sin x+\sin ^2 x$

(c) $f(x)=\cos 2 x-2 \cos x$

(d) $f(x)=\sin 3 x-\sin x$

(e) $f(x)=\sin 2 x-\cos 3 x$

Look through a recent issue of The Economist. Each issue includes a section titled "economic indicators." This section contains the most recent growth figures for a large number of countries. According to the most recent data, which countries in the world are growing the fastest? Which countries are growing the slowest around the world? Look through The Economist's stories to see if you can find an explanation for the pattern you've noticed. Write a brief essay about current global economic conditions.

In an attempt to assess total daily travel taxes in various cities, the Global Business Travel Association conducted a study of daily travel taxes on lodging, rental car, and meals (GBTA Foundation website, October 30, 2012). The data contained in the DATA file named Travel Tax are consistent with the findings of that study for business travel to Chicago. Assume the population standard deviation is known to be $8.50 and develop a$95\%$ confidence interval of the population mean total daily travel taxes for Chicago.

Carbon dioxide $\mathrm{CO_2}$ is the gas that is mainly responsible for global warming (the greenhouse effect). The burning of fossil fuels is a major cause of the increased concentration of $\mathrm{CO_2}$ in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is also the end product of metabolism. Using glucose as an example of food, calculate the annual human production of $\mathrm{CO_2}$ in grams, assuming that each person consumes $5.0 X 10^2 g$ of glucose per day. The world's population is $7 .0$ billion, and there are $365$ days in a year.

Indicate whether each of the following statements concerning atmospheric $\text{CO}_2$ is true or false.

a. Plants remove $\text{CO}_2$ from the atmosphere via photosynthesis.

b. The absorption of visible light by $\text{CO}_2$ is a contributing factor to “global warming.”

c. Among atmospheric gases, $\text{CO}_2$ is the most effective absorber of infrared radiation.

d. Current atmospheric concentrations of $\text{CO}_2$ are approaching 200 ppm.

What is the key concept for this section? Describe three ways of estimating the sizes of fish populations and list their limitations. How can the precautionary principle be applied in managing fisheries and large marine systems? What are catch-share and comanagement systems and how can they help to sustain fisheries? How can government subsidies encourage overfishing? Explain how consumer choices can help to sustain fisheries and aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem services. List five ways to manage global fisheries more sustainably.