Kerosene at $20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ flows at $18 \mathrm{~m}^3 / \mathrm{h}$ in a $5$ -cm-diameter pipe. If a $2$-cm-diameter thin-plate orifice with corner taps is installed, find the measured pressure drop, in $\mathrm{Pa}$ ?

A square-edged orifice with corner taps and a water manometer are used to meter compressed air. The following data are given: Inside diameter of air line $150 \mathrm{~mm}$ Orifice plate diameter $100 \mathrm{~mm}$ Upstream pressure $600\ \mathrm{kPa}$ Temperature of air $25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ Manometer deflection $750 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$ Calculate the volume flow rate in the line, expressed in cubic meters per hour.

A shallow circular dish has a sharp-edged orifice at its center. A water jet, of speed $V$, strikes the dish concentrically. Obtain an expression for the external force needed to hold the dish in place if the jet issuing from the orifice also has speed $V$. Evaluate the force for $V=5 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}, D=100 \mathrm{~mm}$, and $d=25 \mathrm{~mm}$. Plot the required force as a function of the angle $\theta\left(0 \leq \theta \leq 90^{\circ}\right)$ with diameter ratio as a parameter for a suitable range of diameter $d$.

If $0.00484 \mathrm{~mol} \mathrm{~N}_2 \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{g})$ effuses through an orifice in a certain period of time, how much $\mathrm{NO}_2(\mathrm{~g})$ would effuse in the same time under the same conditions?

Water flows via the orifice meter shown in the given figure at a rate of $0.10 \mathrm{ft}^3 / \mathrm{s}$. If $d=0.1 \mathrm{ft}$, determine the value of $h$.

Water flows from an inverted conical tank with circular orifice at the rate $\frac{d x}{d t}=-0.6 \pi r^{2} \sqrt{2 g} \frac{\sqrt{x}}{A(x)},$ where r is the radius of the orifice, x is the height of the liquid level from the vertex of the cone, and A(x) is the area of the cross section of the tank x units above the orifice. Suppose r = 0.1 ft, $g=32.1 \mathrm{ft} / \mathrm{s}^{2},$ and the tank has an initial water level of 8 ft and initial volume of $512(\pi / 3) \mathrm{ft}^{3}.$ Use the Runge-Kutta method of order four to find the following. a. The water level after 10 min with h = 20 s b. When the tank will be empty, to within 1 min.

A square-edged orifice with corner taps and a water manometer are used to meter compressed air. The following data are given:

$$\begin{matrix} \text{Inside diameter of air line} & \text{150 mm}\\ \text{Orifice plate diameter} & \text{100 mm}\\ \text{Upstream pressure} & \text{600 kPa}\\ \text{Temperature of air} & \text{}{5^{\circ} \mathrm{C}}\\ \text{Manometer deflection} & \text{}{H_{2} \mathrm{O}}\\ \end{matrix}$$

Calculate the volume flow rate in the line, expressed in cubic meters per hour.

Water flows through the orifice meter shown in the given figure at a rate of $0.10 \mathrm{ft}^3 / \mathrm{s}$. If $h=3.8 \mathrm{ft}$, determine the value of $d$.

Water jets are being used more and more for metal cutting operations. If a pump generates a flow of 1 gpm through an orifice of 0.01 in. diameter, what is the average jet speed? What force (lbf) will the jet produce at impact, assuming as an approximation that the water sprays sideways after impact?

A $50.0 \mathrm{~mm}$, sharp-edge orifice is placed in a DN 100 Schedule 80 steel pipe. Calculate the volume flow rate of ethylene glycol at $25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ when a mercury manometer reads a $95 \mathrm{~mm}$ deflection.

Water (p=62.4 lbm/ft3) flows from the large orifice at the bottom of the tank. Assume that the flow is irrotational. Point B is at zero elevation, and point A is at 1 ft elevation. If VA=4 ft/s at an angle of 45$^{\circ}$ with the horizontal and if VB=12 ft/s vertically downward, what is the value of pA-pB?

For the flame shown in Figure 9-3, calculate the relative intensity of the 766.5-nm emission line for potassium in the flame center and at the following heights above the orifice (assume no ionization and use the $2.0 \mathrm{~cm}$ for comparison).
(a) $2.0 \mathrm{~cm}$
(b) $3.0 \mathrm{~cm}$
(c) $4.0 \mathrm{~cm}$
(d) $5.0 \mathrm{~cm}$

Calculate the time required to reduce the depth in the tank shown in the given figure by $21.0\ \mathrm{ft}$ if the original depth is $23.0\ \mathrm{ft}$. The tank diameter is $46.5 \mathrm{ft}$ and the orifice diameter is $8.75$ in.

The height h of water that is flowing through an orifice at the bottom of a cylindrical tank is given by $\frac{d h}{d t}=-\frac{A_{\mathrm{o}}}{A_{\mathrm{w}}} \sqrt{2 g h}, g=32 \mathrm{ft} / \mathrm{s}^{2},$ where $A_{\mathrm{w}}$ and $A_{\mathrm{o}}$ are the cross-sectional areas of the water and orifice, respectively. Solve the equation if the initial height of the water is 20 ft and $A_{\mathrm{w}}=50 \mathrm{ft}^{2}$ and $A_{\mathrm{o}}=\frac{1}{4} \mathrm{ft}^{2}.$ At what time is the tank empty?