Julia and Eleanor are identical twins who were apart. Julia has developed schizophrenia, but Eleanor has not. Given what we know about how schizophrenia is strongly influenced by genetic and prenatal factors, explain how this could happen when Julia and Eleanor have identical genes and shared the same prenatal environment. Provide at least one research-supported factor that could have prompted the onset of schizophrenia in Julia.

Steve recently lost his job. For each of the disorders below, explain how that diagnosis could have affected his job performance: • Agoraphobia • Panic disorder • Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Using psychological terminology, describe how each of the following perspectives help us understand anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD: • Conditioning • Cognition • Biology

Eleanor Maccoby’s research found which of the following factors to be the least positively correlated with problem behavior in preschool children? a. Parent income. b. Parent education level. c. Time spent in day care. d. Child’s temperament. e. Parent sensitivity.

Believing that aliens are trying to steal her thoughts, Shauna wears a special hat that she designed. Her beliefs represent a. hallucinations. b. thickening cerebral tissue. c. delusions. d. a word salad. e. insufficient dopamine receptors.

As a molecular biologist and horticulturist specializing in snapdragons, you have decided that you need to make a genomic library to characterize the flower color genes of snapdragons. a. How many genomic equivalents would you like to have represented in your library to be 95% confident of having a clone containing each gene in your library? b. How do you determine the number of clones that should be isolated and screened to guarantee this number of genomic equivalents?

Nadia borrows $120 000 to buy a house. The current interest rate is 6.6%/a compounded monthly, and Nadia negotiates the term of the loan to be 25 years. a) What will be each monthly payment? b) After paying for 3 years, Nadia receives an inheritance and makes a one-time payment of$15 000 against the outstanding balance of the loan. How much earlier can she pay off the loan because of this payment? c) How much will she save in interest charges by making the $15 000 payment?

Are the following progeny numbers consistent with the results expected from selfing a plant presumed to be a dihybrid of two independently assorting genes, H/h ; R/r? (H = hairy leaves; h = smooth leaves; R = round ovary; r = elongated ovary.) Explain your answer. hairy, round 178 smooth, round 56 hairy, elongated 62 smooth, elongated 24

Proto-oncogenes can change into oncogenes that cause cancer. Which of the following best explains the presence of these potential time bombs in eukaryotic cells?
a. Proto-oncogenes first arose from viral infections.
b. Proto-oncogenes normally help regulate cell division.
c. Proto-oncogenes are genetic "junk."
d. Proto-oncogenes are mutant versions of normal genes.
e. Cells produce proto-oncogenes as they age.

Genes a and b are $20$ cM apart. An a$^{+}$ b/a$^{+}$ individual was mated with an a b$^{+}$/a b$^{+}$ individual.

(a) Diagram the cross and show the gametes produced by each parent and the genotype of the F$_{1}$.

(b) What gametes can the F$_{1}$ produce, and in what proportions?

(c ) If the F$_{1}$ was crossed to a b/a b individuals, what offspring would be expected, and in what proportions?

(d) Is this an example of the coupling or repulsion linkage phase?

(e) If the F$_{1}$ were intercrossed, what offspring would be expected and in what proportions?

You have just learned that you are a beneficiary in the will of your late Aunt Susan. The executrix of her estate has given you three options as to how you may receive your inheritance:

a. You may receive $50,000 immediately.

b. You may receive$75,000 at the end of six years.

c. You may receive $12,000 at the end of each year for six years (a total of$72,000).

Required:

If you can invest money at a 12% return, which option would you prefer?

Bacteriophage MS$2$ carries its genetic information in RNA. Its chromosome is analogous to a polygenic molecule of mRNA in organisms that store their genetic information in DNA. The MS$2$ minichromosome encodes four polypeptides (i.e., it has four genes). One of these four genes encodes the MS$2$ coat protein, a polypeptide $129$ amino acids long. The entire nucleotide sequence in the RNA of MS$2$ is known. Codon $112$ of the coat protein gene is CUA, which specifi es the amino acid leucine. If you were to treat a replicating population of bacteriophage MS$2$ with the mutagen $5$-bromouracil, what amino acid substitutions would you expectto be induced at position $112$ of the MS$2$ coat protein (i.e., Leu S other amino acid)? (Note: Bacteriophage MS$2$ RNA replicates using a complementary strand of RNA and base-pairing like DNA.)

What is the risk of developing schizophrenia if one parent has the disorder? A. 9% B. 12% C. 16% D. 45%

For parts a, b, and c, draw a diagram illustrating the alleles on homologous chromosomes for the following genotypes, assuming in each case that the genes reside on the same chromosome in the order written. For parts d and e, givethe information requested.

a. AB/ab b. aBc/abC c. DFg/DFG d. the gametes produced by an organism with the genotype Rt/rT e. progeny of the cross Rt/rT X rt/rt