Match each area of chemistry with a numbered statement.

physical chemistry

$(1)$ measure the level of lead in blood $(2)$ study non-carbon-based chemicals in rocks $(3)$ investigate changes that occur as food is digested in the stomach $(4)$ study carbon-based chemicals in coal $(5)$ explain the energy transfer that occurs when ice melts

In your physical chemistry course, you model hydrogen chloride as a hydrogen atom on a spring; the other end of the spring is attached to a rigid wall (the massive chlorine atom). In order to determine the spring constant in your model, you measure the minimum photon energy that will promote $\mathrm{HCl}$ molecules to their first excited state. The result is $0.358 \mathrm{eV}$. What do you calculate for the effective $k$ ?

Which branch of chemistry would most likely study matter and phase changes? polymer chemistry

For the reaction $\mathrm{I}^{-}(a q)+\mathrm{OCl}^{-}(a q) \rightleftharpoons$ $\mathrm{OI}^{-}(a q)+\mathrm{Cl}^{-}(a q)$ occurring in aqueous solution, the following mechanism has been proposed:

$$\begin{aligned} & \mathrm{OCl}^{-}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}(l) \stackrel{k_1}{\underset{k_{-1}}{\rightleftarrows}} \mathrm{HOCl}(a q)+\mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q) \\ & \Gamma^{-}(a q)+\mathrm{HOCl}(a q) \stackrel{k_2}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{HOI}(a q)+\mathrm{Cl}^{-}(a q) \\ & \mathrm{HOI}(a q)+\mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q) \stackrel{k_3}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}(l)+\mathrm{OI}^{-}(a q) \end{aligned}$$

a. Derive the rate law expression for this reaction based on this mechanism. (Hint: $\left[\mathrm{OH}^{-}\right]$should appear in the rate law.) b. The initial rate of reaction was studied as a function of concentration by Chia and Connick [J. Physical Chemistry 63 (1959): 1518], and the following data were obtained:

$$\begin{array}{lccc} {\left[\mathrm{I}^{-}\right]_0(\mathbf{M})} & {\left[\mathrm{OCl}^{-}\right]_0(\mathbf{M})} & {\left[\mathrm{OH}^{-}\right]_{\mathbf{0}}(\mathbf{M})} & \begin{array}{c} \text { Initial Rate } \\ \left(\mathbf{M ~ s}^{-1}\right) \end{array} \\ \hline 2.0 \times 10^{-3} & 1.5 \times 10^{-3} & 1.00 & 1.8 \times 10^{-4} \\ 4.0 \times 10^{-3} & 1.5 \times 10^{-3} & 1.00 & 3.6 \times 10^{-4} \\ 2.0 \times 10^{-3} & 3.0 \times 10^{-3} & 2.00 & 1.8 \times 10^{-4} \\ 4.0 \times 10^{-3} & 3.0 \times 10^{-3} & 1.00 & 7.2 \times 10^{-4} \end{array}$$

Is the predicted rate law expression derived from the mechanism consistent with these data?

According to the Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry, which metal would react spontaneously with hydrochloric acid? (1) gold, (2) silver, (3) copper, (4) zinc.

In $1995$, Larry Page and Sergey Brin met at Stanford University. The following year they formed a partnership and began collaborating on a search engine called BackRub. In $1997$, they decided to rename BackRub and came up with Google (derived from 'googol', a mathematical term for the number represented by the numeral $1$ followed by $100$ zeros). With $\$ 100000$ support from a backer, Google Inc. was set up in 1998 in a garage in California. Later that year, PC Magazine recognised Google's search engine as one of the top $100$ websites. In $2000$, Google became available in many languages including French, German, Italian and Chinese. By $2004$, the Google search index contained six billion items, including $4.28$ billion web pages and $880$ million images. It moved to an office in California called Googleplex with more than $800$ employees and offices all over the world. In the same year, Google became a public limited company offering for sale $19605052$ shares at an opening price of $\$ 85$ a share. Over the next five years, Google refined and added to its search engines a range of products such as Google News, Google Earth, Google Maps and Google Video. Today, Google is a huge multinational corporation worth around $\$ 160$ billion and its share price is over $\$ 500$ a share.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages to Google of its conversion to a public limited company in $2004$.

"My mom was dead set against my going to the party, and I thought I'd have to bite the bullet. But then she did a 180 . She's letting me go, as long as Jerry also comes along to keep an cye on me."

Do you understand the sentences above? (1) If not, it's probably because they contain four idioms. (2) In our vernacular, idioms are commonly used. (3) But if you were just learning English as a second language, the semantics of these phrases would probably seem strange. You might wonder: Was the mother dead? Why did she bite a bullet? What is a 180 ? Will Jerry take out an eye and put it on her? (4) Even in standard language usage, all may not be what it seems. (5) Words may have a denotation that is usually well understood by the listener. (6) But that listener may be completely unaware of the word's connotation. For example, the word gaunt means "thin and bony, but it is often used to describe someone who is ill. It has developed a connotation of illness even though it is not part of the word's meaning. (7) Often, people in professional fields use jargon. A doctor who says "Marla suffers from a pruritic skin condition" means simply that Marla's skin is itchy. A lawyer discussing jus cogens is talking about fundamental principles of international law. (8) Some social groups also use their own argot. One thief might warn another that a "blue suit" (a police officer) is coming to "crack" (interrupt) a crime. (9) Pidgins are colorful, but often difficult to understand. They evolve when different peoples who don't speak one another's languages come together and try to communicate. For example, a pidgin combining English and the native Hawaiian language is spoken by many Hawaiians today. In this pidgin, brok' da mout means "delicious"; brah is a buddy; and bumbye means "when we get around to it." Have you read or seen Shakespearean plays? (10) Because his works were written almost four hundred years ago, many of the words and phrases in them are now archaic. Writers of long ago used words that seem like another language to us. "Dost thou rejoiceth when thou dost discovereth" the meaning of this sentence?

Although our own language may at times seem strange or even foreign, its diversity lends a wonderful richness to our culture. Jargon, argot, vernacular, connotations, and archaic words all make English an interesting language.

Each sentence below refers to a numbered sentence in the passage. Write the letter of the choice that gives the sentence a meaning that is closest to the original sentence.

are colorful, but often difficult to understand. a. Jokes b. Ancient words c. Combined languages d. Word meanings

"My mom was dead set against my going to the party, and I thought I'd have to bite the bullet. But then she did a 180 . She's letting me go, as long as Jerry also comes along to keep an cye on me."

Do you understand the sentences above? (1) If not, it's probably because they contain four idioms. (2) In our vernacular, idioms are commonly used. (3) But if you were just learning English as a second language, the semantics of these phrases would probably seem strange. You might wonder: Was the mother dead? Why did she bite a bullet? What is a 180 ? Will Jerry take out an eye and put it on her? (4) Even in standard language usage, all may not be what it seems. (5) Words may have a denotation that is usually well understood by the listener. (6) But that listener may be completely unaware of the word's connotation. For example, the word gaunt means "thin and bony, but it is often used to describe someone who is ill. It has developed a connotation of illness even though it is not part of the word's meaning. (7) Often, people in professional fields use jargon. A doctor who says "Marla suffers from a pruritic skin condition" means simply that Marla's skin is itchy. A lawyer discussing jus cogens is talking about fundamental principles of international law. (8) Some social groups also use their own argot. One thief might warn another that a "blue suit" (a police officer) is coming to "crack" (interrupt) a crime. (9) Pidgins are colorful, but often difficult to understand. They evolve when different peoples who don't speak one another's languages come together and try to communicate. For example, a pidgin combining English and the native Hawaiian language is spoken by many Hawaiians today. In this pidgin, brok' da mout means "delicious"; brah is a buddy; and bumbye means "when we get around to it." Have you read or seen Shakespearean plays? (10) Because his works were written almost four hundred years ago, many of the words and phrases in them are now archaic. Writers of long ago used words that seem like another language to us. "Dost thou rejoiceth when thou dost discovereth" the meaning of this sentence?

Although our own language may at times seem strange or even foreign, its diversity lends a wonderful richness to our culture. Jargon, argot, vernacular, connotations, and archaic words all make English an interesting language.

Each sentence below refers to a numbered sentence in the passage. Write the letter of the choice that gives the sentence a meaning that is closest to the original sentence.

Often, people in professional fields use a. a specialized language b. ancient words c. body language d. literal meanings

Given a $2 \times 2$ matrix $\mathbf{M}=\left[z_{i j}\right]$ whose entries are complex numbers, let $T(\mathbf{M})$ denote the $4 \times 4$ matrix of real numbers given in block form by

$$T(\mathbf{M})=\left[ \begin{array}{ll}{T\left(z_{11}\right)} & {T\left(z_{12}\right)} \\ {T\left(z_{21}\right)} & {T\left(z_{22}\right)}\end{array}\right]$$

. Suppose that $\mathbf{M}$ and $\mathbf{N}$ are $2 \times 2$ complex matrices. Show that $T(\mathbf{M N})=T(\mathbf{M}) T(\mathbf{N})$. Hence one can find the product of the $2 \times 2$ complex matrices $M$ and $N$ by calculating the product of the $4 \times 4$ real matrices $T(\mathbf{M})$ and $T(\mathbf{N}) .$ For instance, if

$$\mathbf{M}=\left[ \begin{array}{cc}{1+i} & {2+i} \\ {1+2 i} & {1+3 i}\end{array}\right]$$

$$\mathrm{N}=\left[ \begin{array}{cc}{3-i} & {1-2 i} \\ {2-i} & {3-2 i}\end{array}\right]$$

then

$$T(\mathbf{M}) T(\mathbf{N})=\left[ \begin{array}{rrrr}{9} & {-2} & {11} & {2} \\ {2} & {9} & {-2} & {11} \\ {10} & {-10} & {14} & {-7} \\ {10} & {10} & {7} & {14}\end{array}\right]$$

Therefore,

$$\mathbf{M N}=\left[ \begin{array}{cc}{9+2 i} & {11-2 i} \\ {10+10 i} & {14+7 i}\end{array}\right]$$

. If $\mathbf{M}$ is a nonsingular $2 \times 2$ complex matrix. it can be shown that $T\left(\mathbf{M}^{-1}\right)=\{T(\mathbf{M})\}^{-1} .$ The $n \times n$ versions matrix operations in computer languages that support only real arithmetic.

"My mom was dead set against my going to the party, and I thought I'd have to bite the bullet. But then she did a 180 . She's letting me go, as long as Jerry also comes along to keep an cye on me."

Do you understand the sentences above? (1) If not, it's probably because they contain four idioms. (2) In our vernacular, idioms are commonly used. (3) But if you were just learning English as a second language, the semantics of these phrases would probably seem strange. You might wonder: Was the mother dead? Why did she bite a bullet? What is a 180 ? Will Jerry take out an eye and put it on her? (4) Even in standard language usage, all may not be what it seems. (5) Words may have a denotation that is usually well understood by the listener. (6) But that listener may be completely unaware of the word's connotation. For example, the word gaunt means "thin and bony, but it is often used to describe someone who is ill. It has developed a connotation of illness even though it is not part of the word's meaning. (7) Often, people in professional fields use jargon. A doctor who says "Marla suffers from a pruritic skin condition" means simply that Marla's skin is itchy. A lawyer discussing jus cogens is talking about fundamental principles of international law. (8) Some social groups also use their own argot. One thief might warn another that a "blue suit" (a police officer) is coming to "crack" (interrupt) a crime. (9) Pidgins are colorful, but often difficult to understand. They evolve when different peoples who don't speak one another's languages come together and try to communicate. For example, a pidgin combining English and the native Hawaiian language is spoken by many Hawaiians today. In this pidgin, brok' da mout means "delicious"; brah is a buddy; and bumbye means "when we get around to it." Have you read or seen Shakespearean plays? (10) Because his works were written almost four hundred years ago, many of the words and phrases in them are now archaic. Writers of long ago used words that seem like another language to us. "Dost thou rejoiceth when thou dost discovereth" the meaning of this sentence?

Although our own language may at times seem strange or even foreign, its diversity lends a wonderful richness to our culture. Jargon, argot, vernacular, connotations, and archaic words all make English an interesting language.

Each sentence below refers to a numbered sentence in the passage. Write the letter of the choice that gives the sentence a meaning that is closest to the original sentence.

Words may have a(n) that is usually well understood by the listener. a. nonliteral use b. vague idea c. specific meaning d. informal use

Which branch of chemistry would most likely study matter and phase changes? organic chemistry

You're taking physical chemistry, and your professor is discussing molecular dipole moments. Water, he says, has a dipole moment of "$1.85$ debyes," while carbon monoxide's dipole moment is only "$0.12$ debye." Your physics professor wants these moments expressed in SI. She tells you that the atomic separation in these two covalent compounds is about the same, and asks what that indicates about the way shared charge is distributed. What do you tell her?

(Overloading the Parentheses Operator) One nice example of overloading the function call operator () is to allow another form of double-array subscripting popular in some programming languages. Instead of saying

chessBoard[ row ][ column ]

for an array of objects, overload the function call operator to allow the alternate form

chessBoard( row, column )

Create a class Double Subscripted Array that has similar features to class Array in Figs. 19.10– 19.11. At construction time, the class should be able to create an array of any number of rows and any number of columns. The class should supply operator() to perform double-subscripting operations. For example, in a 3-by-5 Double Subscripted Array called a, the user could write a(1, 3) to access the element at row 1 and column 3. Remember that operator() can receive any number of arguments. The underlying representation of the double-subscripted array should be a single-subscripted array of integers with rows * columns number of elements. Function operator() should perform the proper pointer arithmetic to access each element of the array. There should be two versions of operator()—one that returns int & (so that an element of a Double Subscripted Array can be used as an lvalue) and one that returns const int & . The class should also provide the following operators: ==, !=, =, << (for outputting the array in row and column format) and >> (for inputting the entire array contents).

According to the Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry, which of the following metals will react most readily with HCI to release hydrogen gas? (1) aluminum, (2) copper, (3) silver, (4) gold.