Match each vocabulary term to its definition.

1. pragmatics a. Learning in which one learns an involuntary response when a stimulus that normally causes a particular response is paired with a new, neutral stimulus.
2. conditioned stimulus b. The smallest units of meaning within a language.
3. negative reinforcement c. Aspects of language involving the practical ways of communicating with others.
4. latent learning d. The learning of voluntary behavior through the effects of pleasant and unpleasant consequences to responses.
5. operant conditioning e. The disappearance or weakening of a learned response following the removal or absence of the unconditioned stimulus (in classical conditioning).
6. classical conditioning f. A naturally occurring stimulus that leads to an involuntary (reflex) response.
7. punishment by removal g. Stimulus that becomes able to produce a learned reflex response by being paired with the original unconditioned stimulus.
8. morpheme h. The punishment of a response by the removal of a pleasurable stimulus.
9. extinction i. The reinforcement of a response by the removal or escape from an unpleasant stimulus.
10. unconditioned stimulus j. Learning that remains hidden until its application becomes useful.

Match each vocabulary term to its definition.

1. pragmatics a. Learning in which one learns an involuntary response when a stimulus that normally causes a particular response is paired with a new, neutral stimulus.
2. conditioned stimulus b. The smallest units of meaning within a language.
3. negative reinforcement c. Aspects of language involving the practical ways of communicating with others.
4. latent learning d. The learning of voluntary behavior through the effects of pleasant and unpleasant consequences to responses.
5. operant conditioning e. The disappearance or weakening of a learned response following the removal or absence of the unconditioned stimulus (in classical conditioning).
6. classical conditioning f. A naturally occurring stimulus that leads to an involuntary (reflex) response.
7. punishment by removal g. Stimulus that becomes able to produce a learned reflex response by being paired with the original unconditioned stimulus.
8. morpheme h. The punishment of a response by the removal of a pleasurable stimulus.
9. extinction i. The reinforcement of a response by the removal or escape from an unpleasant stimulus.
10. unconditioned stimulus j. Learning that remains hidden until its application becomes useful.

Rhonda had tartar sauce with her fish and suddenly became nauseated. The next morning she was nauseated and sick for much of the day. Now the thought of fish with tartar sauce makes her queasy. Her queasiness is probably due to a. higher-order conditioning. b. a conditioned taste aversion. c. stimulus substitution. d. stimulus generalization.

According to Chomsky, grammar is a. impossible for older children and adults to learn. b. innately understood by the developing human brain. c. identical in content across all languages and cultures. d. not a requirement for any relatively simple language.

In Albert Bandura's study with the Bobo doll, the children in the group that saw the model punished did not imitate the model at first. They would only imitate the model if given a reward for doing so. The fact that these children had obviously learned the behavior without actually performing it is an example of a. observational learning. b. insight learning. c. operant conditioning. d. classical conditioning.

A dog, whose conditioned response to a bell has been extinguished, briefly displays the conditioned response to the bell. This is an example of a. extinction. b. association. c. spontaneous recovery. d. generalization.

Ella is teaching her parrot a new word. Every time the parrot says a sound that is close to the new word, she gives it a treat. But the parrot keeps repeating other words it has learned in the past, trying to get a treat that way. The parrot is exhibiting a. extinction. c. generalization. b. discrimination. d. spontaneous recovery.

Stephanie developed a fear of white coats as a result of painful shots given to her by doctors dressed in white coats. Now she is also afraid of photographers in white coats. This is an example of a. extinction. c. spontaneous recovery. b. reinforcement. d. stimulus generalization.

You have stopped taking your dog for walks and now he doesn't come running when he hears the rattle the rattle of his leash. What has occurred? a. stimulus generalization c. spontaneous recovery b.stimulus discrimination d. extinction

Match each vocabulary term to its definition.

1. pragmatics a. Learning in which one learns an involuntary response when a stimulus that normally causes a particular response is paired with a new, neutral stimulus.
2. conditioned stimulus b. The smallest units of meaning within a language.
3. negative reinforcement c. Aspects of language involving the practical ways of communicating with others.
4. latent learning d. The learning of voluntary behavior through the effects of pleasant and unpleasant consequences to responses.
5. operant conditioning e. The disappearance or weakening of a learned response following the removal or absence of the unconditioned stimulus (in classical conditioning).
6. classical conditioning f. A naturally occurring stimulus that leads to an involuntary (reflex) response.
7. punishment by removal g. Stimulus that becomes able to produce a learned reflex response by being paired with the original unconditioned stimulus.
8. morpheme h. The punishment of a response by the removal of a pleasurable stimulus.
9. extinction i. The reinforcement of a response by the removal or escape from an unpleasant stimulus.
10. unconditioned stimulus j. Learning that remains hidden until its application becomes useful.

Which theory is commonly referred to as the "aha!"phenomenon? a. Tolman's latent learning theory b. Köhler's insight theory c. Seligman's learned helplessness theory d. Bandura's observational learning

believed that language helps to develop concepts, whereas believed that concepts must be developed first if language is to follow. a. Vygotsky; Piaget b. Chomsky; Sapir and Whorf c. Piaget; Rosch-Heider d. Sapir and Whorf; Vygotsky

Ed noticed that whenever he used his electric can opener, his cat would come into the kitchen. The sound of the can opener has become a(n) a. unconditioned stimulus. b. conditioned stimulus. c. conditioned response. d. neutral stimulus.

A child has been classically conditioned to fear a white rat. If the child does not show fear when shown a black rat, this is called a. stimulus generalization. c. spontaneous recovery. b.stimulus discrimination. d. extinction.