Match the definition in Column B with the word in Column A.

$$\begin{aligned} \text{Column A}\qquad \qquad \qquad &\text{Column B}\\ \text{motif}\qquad \qquad \qquad\quad & \text{a. without instrumental accompaniment}\\ &\text{b. to position or place}\\ &\text{c. speak loudly and forcefully}\\ &\text{d. dreamlike}\\ &\text{e. able to call forth}\\ &\text{f. repeated theme}\\ &\text{g. official announcement}\\ &\text{h. expert on language}\\ &\text{i. mixture of languages}\\ &\text{j. tendency}\\ \end{aligned}$$

Most computer languages include a function that can be used to generate random numbers. In Excel, the RAND function can be used to generate random numbers between 0 and 1. If we let x denote a random number generated using RAND, then x is a continuous random variable with the following probability density function.

$$f ( x ) = \left\{ \begin{array} { l l } { 1 } & { \text { for } 0 \leq x \leq 1 } \\ { 0 } & { \text { elsewhere } } \end{array} \right.$$

Graph the probability density function.

Use the following information for the exercise.

The works of Chilean poet Pablo Neruda have been published in many languages. The school library has copies of two of his books in both English and Spanish. The table shows how many times each book has been checked out.

Books Checked Out

What is the probability that a student who checked out a Pablo Neruda book selected Extrauagario in English?

Why did East Pakistan want to become independent of West Pakistan and become Bangladesh?

A India's support of West Pakistan for trade benefits shrunk East Pakistan's economy. B In addition to a 1,000-mlle separation, the two Pakistans had different majority languages. which caused communication problems. C East Pakistan was mostly Muslim, which conflicted with the Hinduism of West Pakistan. D East Pakistan was populated mostly by Bengali who resented government neglect by West Pakistan rulers.

A k-query oracle Turing machine is an oracle Turing machine that is permitted to make at most k queries on each input. A k-query oracle Turing machine M with an oracle for A is written $M^{A, k}$. Define $\mathrm{P}^{A, k}$ to be the collection of languages that are decidable by polynomial time k-query oracle Turing machines with an oracle for A. a. Show that $\mathrm{NP} \cup \mathrm{coNP} \subseteq \mathrm{P}^{S A T, 1}$. b. Assume that $\mathrm{NP} \neq \mathrm{coNP}$. Show that $\mathrm{NP} \cup \mathrm{coNP} \subsetneq \mathrm{P}^{S A T, 1}$.

Languages diverge over time, and as part of this process, old words are replaced with new ones. Using methods of glottochronology, linguists have estimated that the number of words on a standardized list of 100 words that remain unchanged after $t$ millennia is given by

$$f(t)=100 e^{-L t}, \quad L=0.14 .$$

Refer to this formula to answer the problem. What do your answers tell you about word replacement?

Find the average rate of change of $f(t)$ between $t=3$ and $t=5$.

Out of 100 co-workers in a factory, 65 speak English, 27 speak Spanish and 32 speak French. Some factory workers speak all three of these languages; 5 speak English and French but not Spanish; 1 worker does not speak French, English, ar Spanish; 10 speak English and Spanish but not French; no one who does not speak English speaks French and Spanish. Let E represent speaking English, F represent speaking French and S represent speaking Spanish.

Use the numbers given in the Venn diagram to calculate the following probabilities.

$\mathrm{P}(E \cup F)$

The below statement corresponds to a numbered sentence in the passage. It contains a blank and is followed by four answer choices. Decide which choice fits best in the blank. The word or phrase that you choose must express roughly the same meaning as the italicized word in the passage. Write the letter of your choice on the answer line.

They had many opportunities to learn new languages and to talk with $\underline{?}$. ____________ (nabobs)

a. artists b. the poor c. farmers d. the wealthy and prominent

Match the definition in Column B with the word in Column A.

$$\begin{aligned} \text{Column A}\qquad \qquad \qquad &\text{Column B}\\ \text{surrealistic}\qquad \qquad \qquad\quad & \text{a. without instrumental accompaniment}\\ &\text{b. to position or place}\\ &\text{c. speak loudly and forcefully}\\ &\text{d. dreamlike}\\ &\text{e. able to call forth}\\ &\text{f. repeated theme}\\ &\text{g. official announcement}\\ &\text{h. expert on language}\\ &\text{i. mixture of languages}\\ &\text{j. tendency}\\ \end{aligned}$$

Match the definition in Column B with the word in Column A.

$$\begin{aligned} \text{Column A}\qquad \qquad \qquad &\text{Column B}\\ \text{linguist}\qquad \qquad \qquad\quad & \text{a. without instrumental accompaniment}\\ &\text{b. to position or place}\\ &\text{c. speak loudly and forcefully}\\ &\text{d. dreamlike}\\ &\text{e. able to call forth}\\ &\text{f. repeated theme}\\ &\text{g. official announcement}\\ &\text{h. expert on language}\\ &\text{i. mixture of languages}\\ &\text{j. tendency}\\ \end{aligned}$$

Match the definition in Column B with the word in Column A.

$$\begin{aligned} \text{Column A}\qquad \qquad \qquad &\text{Column B}\\ \text{declaim}\qquad \qquad \qquad\quad & \text{a. without instrumental accompaniment}\\ &\text{b. to position or place}\\ &\text{c. speak loudly and forcefully}\\ &\text{d. dreamlike}\\ &\text{e. able to call forth}\\ &\text{f. repeated theme}\\ &\text{g. official announcement}\\ &\text{h. expert on language}\\ &\text{i. mixture of languages}\\ &\text{j. tendency}\\ \end{aligned}$$

Most of the following sentences contain errors in subject-verb agreement. Identify each verb that does not agree with its subject. Then, supply the correct form of the verb. If a sentence is already correct, write $C$.

Example: This great book, called Games of the World, not only describe all kinds of games but also explain how to make and to play them. describe-describes; explain—explains

Although customs and languages differs across continents, people worldwide enjoy playing games.

Let a k-PDA be a pushdown automaton that has k stacks. Thus a 0-PDA is an NFA and a 1-PDA is a conventional PDA. You already know that 1-PDAs are more powerful (recognize a larger class of languages) than 0-PDAs. a. Show that 2-PDAs are more powerful than 1-PDAs. b. Show that 3-PDAs are not more powerful than 2-PDAs. (Hint: Simulate a Turing machine tape with two stacks.)

Match the definition in Column B with the word in Column A.

$$\begin{aligned} \text{Column A}\qquad \qquad \qquad &\text{Column B}\\ \text{proxy}\qquad \qquad \qquad\quad & \text{a. to lie under oath}\\ &\text{b. to settle in court}\\ &\text{c. the etiquette of diplomacy}\\ &\text{d. made of many languages}\\ &\text{e. substitute}\\ &\text{f. range of authority}\\ &\text{g. type of diplomat}\\ &\text{h. to calm}\\ &\text{i. place for storing historic papers}\\ &\text{j. official message or report}\\ \end{aligned}$$