Match the item with the most closely related item ascending tracts a. cover CNS axons with myelin b. carry sensory information to the brain c. occurs along unmyelinated axons d. outermost covering of brain and spinal cord e. production of CSF f. supporting cells g. controls smooth and cardiac muscle, glands, and fat cells h. occurs along myelinated axons i. link between nervous and endocrine systems j. carry motor commands to spinal cord k. ef erent division of the PNS l. controls contractions of skeletal muscles m. masses of neuron cell bodies n. connects the brain to the spinal cord o. stretch ref ex p. af erent division of the PNS q. maintains muscle tone and posture r. “rest and digest” division s. opposing ef ects t. “fight or flight” division

Match the item with the most closely related item ganglia a. cover CNS axons with myelin b. carry sensory information to the brain c. occurs along unmyelinated axons d. outermost covering of brain and spinal cord e. production of CSF f. supporting cells g. controls smooth and cardiac muscle, glands, and fat cells h. occurs along myelinated axons i. link between nervous and endocrine systems j. carry motor commands to spinal cord k. ef erent division of the PNS l. controls contractions of skeletal muscles m. masses of neuron cell bodies n. connects the brain to the spinal cord o. stretch ref ex p. af erent division of the PNS q. maintains muscle tone and posture r. “rest and digest” division s. opposing ef ects t. “fight or flight” division

While playing football, Ramon is tackled hard and suffers an injury to his left leg. As he tries to get up, he finds that he cannot flex his left hip or extend the knee. Which nerve is damaged, and how would this damage affect sensory perception in his left leg?

Improper use of crutches can produce a condition known as crutch paralysis, which is characterized by a lack of response by the extensor muscles of the arm and a condition known as wrist drop. Which nerve is involved?

In some severe cases of stomach ulcers, the branches of the vague nerve $(N X)$ that lead to the stomach are surgically severed. How might this procedure control the ulcers?

Identify the relationships between the nervous system and the body systems studied so far.

A police officer has just stopped Bill on suspicion of driving while intoxicated. The officer asks Bill to walk the yellow line on the road and then asks him to place the tip of his index finger on the tip of his nose. Which part of the brain is being tested by these activities? How would these activities indicate Bill's level of sobriety?

What is the major cause of age-related shrinkage of the brain?

If neurons in the central nervous system lack centrioles and are unable to divide, how can a person develop brain cancer?

Compare the general effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS.

What physiological changes would you expect in a patient who is about to undergo a root canal procedure and is quite anxious about it?

Why is response time in a monosynaptic reflex much faster than response time in a polysynaptic reflex?

What effect would loss of sympathetic stimulation have on the flow of air into the lungs?

Match the item with the most closely related item dual innervation a. cover CNS axons with myelin b. carry sensory information to the brain c. occurs along unmyelinated axons d. outermost covering of brain and spinal cord e. production of CSF f. supporting cells g. controls smooth and cardiac muscle, glands, and fat cells h. occurs along myelinated axons i. link between nervous and endocrine systems j. carry motor commands to spinal cord k. ef erent division of the PNS l. controls contractions of skeletal muscles m. masses of neuron cell bodies n. connects the brain to the spinal cord o. stretch ref ex p. af erent division of the PNS q. maintains muscle tone and posture r. “rest and digest” division s. opposing ef ects t. “fight or flight” division