More than 600,000 immigrants passed through Ellis Island in 1912, the year residents of the Lower East Side wrote this letter to President Taft criticizing the disparaging remarks of the New York commissioner of immigration. Unlike earlier waves of immigration, increasing numbers hailed from Southern and Eastern Europe, including Jews and other groups that many Americans feared as radical and inassimilable. This anxiety led to a study published in $1911$ by the Dillingham Commission recommending immigration restriction, which would later be enacted in the early $1920$s. Here, a citizens' committee of the Lower East Side responds by affirming their identity as Americans.

What stereotypes about ethnic groups are these residents challenging in their letter (Citizens Committee of Orchard, Rivington, and East Houston Streets, New York City to William Howard Taft, April $9, 1912$) of protest? How do they defend themselves against the commissioner's representations?

What sort of society does Kallen want America to become, and how is ethnic identity a part of his vision? What metaphor does he prefer to "melting pot"?

How does Private Wilson frame the paradox of race and democracy as he experienced it? From his perspective, how did America's involvement in international crises like World War II affect debates over national identity?

What role did the Great Depression play in shaping public debates regarding American national identity as they related to minority groups like Latinos? How did the economic crisis focus these debates?

To what extent did African American experiences during World War II, focus attention on public discussions regarding American national identity?

How did Moreno's civil rights activism on behalf of Latinos compare with similar efforts promoting the interests of minority groups in America? What similarities or differences can you see?

Why do you think Kallen set "democracy" against "melting pot" in his title? How does he define the relationship between these ideals?

Analyze Riley's essay (W. B. Riley, “The Faith of the Fundamentalists,” ) to see how he creates a fundamentalist identity in opposition to modernism. What definition of each emerges from his discussion?

More than 600,000 immigrants passed through Ellis Island in 1912, the year residents of the Lower East Side wrote this letter to President Taft criticizing the disparaging remarks of the New York commissioner of immigration. Unlike earlier waves of immigration, increasing numbers hailed from Southern and Eastern Europe, including Jews and other groups that many Americans feared as radical and inassimilable. This anxiety led to a study published in $1911$ by the Dillingham Commission recommending immigration restriction, which would later be enacted in the early $1920$s. Here, a citizens' committee of the Lower East Side responds by affirming their identity as Americans.

Examine the role of ethnic identity in shaping both the Commission of Immigration's characterization of Lower East Side residents and their response. To what extent did their ethnicity define them in their own minds?

How does the fiver aid in digestion?

What controls gastric juice secretion?

A person is in a closed room (a racquetball court) with V = 453 m^3 hitting a ball (m = 42.0 g) around at random without any pauses. The average kinetic energy of the ball is 2.30 J. (a) What is the average value of $v_x^2$? Does it matter which direction you take to be x? (b) Applying the methods of this chapter, find the average pressure on the walls? (c) Aside from the presence of only one “molecule” in this problem, what is the main assumption in Pressure, Temperature, and RMS Speed that does not apply here?

GENERAL: Unicorns To celebrate the acquisition of Styria in 1261, Ottokar II sent hunters into the Bohemian woods to capture a unicorn. To display the unicorn at court, the king built a rectangular cage. The material for three sides of the cage cost 3 ducats per running cubit, while the fourth was to be gilded and cost 51 ducats per running cubit. In 1261 it was well known that a happy unicorn requires an area of 2025 square cubits. Find the dimensions that would keep the unicorn happy at the lowest cost.

What is the main function of digestion?