"My Dear Nephew, "Never allow yourself to lose sight of that fact that politics, and not poker, is our great American game. If this could be beaten into the heads of some pre­ sumably well-meaning but glaringly unpractical people, we should hear less idiotic talk about reform in connection with politics. Nobody ever dreams of organizing a reform movement in poker .... "Mr. Lincoln, a very estimable and justly popular, but in some respects an impracticable man, formulated widely different error regard to politics. He held that ours is a government of the people, by the people, for the people. I maintain, on the contrary, that it is government of politicians, by politicians, for politicians. If your political career is to be a success, you must understand and respect this distinction with a difference."

-William McElroy, journalist, "An Old War Horse to a Young Politi­ cian," published anonymously in the Atlantic Monthly, $1880$

Which of the following would the author, as a critic of the politics of the era, most likely oppose?

(A) Laws limiting the number of terms one person could serve in an elective office

(B) Rules reducing the number of patronage jobs controlled by politicians

(C ) Court decisions allowing unlimited campaign contributions by wealthy donors

(D) Prosecutions of corruption in urban political parties and among political bosses

"My Dear Nephew, "Never allow yourself to lose sight of that fact that politics, and not poker, is our great American game. If this could be beaten into the heads of some pre­ sumably well-meaning but glaringly unpractical people, we should hear less idiotic talk about reform in connection with politics. Nobody ever dreams of organizing a reform movement in poker .... "Mr. Lincoln, a very estimable and justly popular, but in some respects an impracticable man, formulated widely different error regard to politics. He held that ours is a government of the people, by the people, for the people. I maintain, on the contrary, that it is government of politicians, by politicians, for politicians. If your political career is to be a success, you must understand and respect this distinction with a difference."

-William McElroy, journalist, "An Old War Horse to a Young Politi­ cian," published anonymously in the Atlantic Monthly, $1880$

Voters demanded patronage reform in politics after

(A) President James Garfield was assassinated

(B) the Mugwumps sided with the opposing party

(C ) the Greenback Party won mid-year elections in $1878$

(D) Grover Cleveland threatened Republican dominance

"The Populists looked backward with longing to the lost Eden, to the republican America of the early years of the nineteenth century in which there were few millionaires ... when the laborer had excellent prospects and the farmers had abundance, when statesmen responded to the mood of the people and there was no such thing as the money power."

-Richard Hofstadter, The Age of Reform, $1955$

"Populists sought to rethink the meaning of freedom to meet the exigencies of the $1890$s .... Like the labor movement Populists rejected the era's laissez­- faire orthodoxy .... a generation would pass before a major party offered so sweeping a plan for government action on the behalf of economic freedom as the Omaha platform."

-Eric Foner, The Story of American Freedom, $1998$

Using the excerpts, answer a, b, and c.

a) Briefly explain ONE significant difference or contrast between Hofstadter's interpretation and Foner's interpretation of the Populists.

b) Briefly explain ONE example or development from $1865$ to $1900$ that could be used to support Hofstadter's interpretation of the Populists.

c) Briefly explain ONE example or development from $1865$ to $1900$ that could be used to support Foner's interpretation of the Populists.

"My Dear Nephew, "Never allow yourself to lose sight of that fact that politics, and not poker, is our great American game. If this could be beaten into the heads of some pre­ sumably well-meaning but glaringly unpractical people, we should hear less idiotic talk about reform in connection with politics. Nobody ever dreams of organizing a reform movement in poker .... "Mr. Lincoln, a very estimable and justly popular, but in some respects an impracticable man, formulated widely different error regard to politics. He held that ours is a government of the people, by the people, for the people. I maintain, on the contrary, that it is government of politicians, by politicians, for politicians. If your political career is to be a success, you must understand and respect this distinction with a difference."

-William McElroy, journalist, "An Old War Horse to a Young Politi­ cian," published anonymously in the Atlantic Monthly, $1880$

McElroy's letter uses humor to make a point. Which of the following statements reflects McElroy's true criticism?

(A) Americans pay too much attention to politics

(B) Elections were so close that for candidates it was similar to gambling

(C ) Lincoln was admired more than he deserved to be

(D) Politics was primarily about holding office for personal gain

The thesis statement is the organizing idea for an essay. It should express a clear idea that can be supported with evidence. Which THREE of the following statements would make the best thesis statements?

The Gilded Age shows that Hamilton, Clay, and Lincoln were correct in advocating for a strong role of the federal government in the economy.

Some historians have characterized the industrial and business leaders of the one thousand eight hundred and sixty five to one thousand nine hundred. period as "robber barons," who used extreme methods to control and concentrate wealth and power. To what extent is that charac­- terization justified based on the historical evidence?

Compare the objectives and strategies of organized labor and the Populists for challenging the prevailing economic beliefs and practices of the Gilded Age.

one thousand eight hundred and sixty five one thousand nine hundred Answer a, b, and c.

a) Briefly explain ONE significant factor that influenced voting patterns during the period from one thousand eight hundred and sixty five to one thousand nine hundred

b) Briefly explain ONE cause of very high voter turnout during the period from one thousand eight hundred and sixty five to one thousand nine hundred

c) Briefly explain ONE cause of the often stalemated and ineffective government on a national level during the period from one thousand eight hundred and seventy seven to one thousand nine hundred .

"It being desirable for the peace, concord, and harmony of the Union of these states to settle and adjust amicably all existing questions of controversy between them arising out of the institution of slavery upon a fair, equitable, and just basis ....

"We are told now ... that the Union is threatened with subversion and destruction ... If the Union is to be dissolved for any existing causes, it will be dissolved because slavery is interdicted or not allowed to be introduced into the ceded territories, because slavery is threatened to be abolished in the District of Columbia, and because fugitive slaves are not returned ... to their masters ....

"I am for staying within the Union and fighting for my rights."

-Henry Clay, Resolution on the Compromise of $1850, 1850$

Which of the following parts of the Compromise of $1850$ was the most appealing to the South?

(A) Admitting California as a free state

(B) Passing a new Fugitive Slave Law

(C ) Ending the slave trade in Washington, D.C.

(D) Using popular sovereignty in new territories

What were some reasons why consumption skyrocketed in the postwar era?

Summarize General Douglas MacArthur's plan for a counterattack against North Korea.

Analyze and evaluate the ways that both external and internal migration changed over time from one thousand eight hundred and thirty to one thousand nine hundred.

Identify and explain: Horatio Alger Jr., Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, Cornelius Vanderbilt, George Pullman

Answer a, b, and c.

a) Briefly explain the role of ONE of the following in the Republican Party during this period.

spoilsmen

"waving the bloody shirt"

tariffs

b) Briefly explain the effects of ONE of the following on business and government during this period.

Credit Mobilier

the Tweed Ring

Panic of $1873$

c) Briefly explain the significance of ONE of the following in terms of President Grant's administration.

Jay Gould

Horace Greeley

Rutherford B. Hayes